2018 Mod8 Flashcards
True breeding:
If an organism has a certain characteristic that is always passed onto it or spring, we say that the organism bred true with respect to that characteristic
Allele
One of a pair of genes that occupies the same position on homologous chromosomes
Genotype
Two-letter that represents the alleles that organism possesses for a certain trait
Phenotype
The observable expression of an organisms genes
Homozygous genotype
A genotype in which both alleles are identical
Dominant allele
In allele that will determine phenotype if just one is present in the genotype
Recessive allele
In allele that will not determine the phenotype unless the genotype is homozygous in that allele
Pedigree
A diagram that follows a particular phenotype through several generations
Monohybrid cross
A cross between two individuals concentrating on only one definable trait
Dihbrid cross
A cross between two individuals concentrating on two definable traits
autosomes
Chromosomes that do not determine the sex of an individual
Sex chromosomes
Chromosomes that do you determine the sex of an individual
Autigen
A protein that when introduced in the blood triggers the production of an antibodys
Autosomal inheritance
Inheritance of a genetic trait not a sex chromosome
Genetic disease carrier
A person who is heterozygous in a recessive genetic disorder
Sex-linked inheritance
Inheritance of a genetic trait located on the sex chromosomes
Mutation
Hey radical chemical change in one or more alleles
Change in chromosome structure
He situation in which a chromosome loses or gains genes during meiosis
Change in chromosome number
A situation in which abnormal cellular events in meiosis need to either none of a particular chromosome in a gene or more than one chromosome in the gamete.
What is the restatement of Mendels principles?
- the traits of an organism are determined by its genes
- Each organism has two alleles that make up the genotype for a given trait.
- In sexual reproduction, each parent contributes only one of its alleles too it’s off spring
- In each genotype there is a dominant allele. If it exists in an organism, the phenotype is determined by the allele
What process causes gametes to have only one allele sent other human cells have two of each allele
Meiosis
If a game he has two alleles for the same trait what type of genetic disorder will result in a zygote form with this gamete
Change in chromosome number
A person carries a genetic disorder but does not have the disorder. How is that possible?
It is recessive
Two individuals have the same exact genotype for a certain trait, but they are not identical when it comes to that treat how is that possible
There are environmental and spiritual changes
What term do we use to refer to a genetic trait that are governed by more than one set of genes
Polygenic inheritance
