2018 Mod7 Flashcards
Genetics:
The science that studies how characteristics got passed from parent to offspring
Genetic factors:
The general guidelines of traits determined by a persons DNA
Environmental factors
Those “nonbiological” factors that are involved in a persons surrounding such as the nature of the parents parents, the person’s and friends, and the person’s behavioral choices
Spiritual factors
The factors in a persons life that are determined by the quality of his or her relationship with God
Gene
A section of DNA that codes for the production of a protein or a portion of a protein thereby causing a trait.
Messenger RNA
The RNA that performs transcription
Anticodon
A 3 – nucleotide base sequence of tRNA
Codon:
A sequence of three nucleotides bases on mRNA that refers to a specific amino acid
Chromosome
DNA coiled around and supported by proteins in the nucleus of the cell
Mitosis
A process of asexual reproduction in eukaryotic cells
Interphase
The time interval between cellular reproduction
Centraomerer
The region the drawings to sister chromatids
Mother cell
A cell ready to begin reproduction, containing duplicated DNA and centroids
Karyotype
The figure produced when the chromosomes of a species during metaphase are arranged according to their homologous
Diploid cell
A cell with chromosomes that come in homologous pairs
Haploid cell
Hey cell that has only one representative of each chromosome pair
Diploid number/2n
The total number of chromosomes in a diploid cell
Haploid number/(N)
The number of homologous pairs in a diploid cell
Meiosis
The process by which a diploid cell forms gametes
Gametes
Haploid cells produced by diploid cells for the purpose of sexual reproduction
Virus
A non-cellular infectious agent that has two characteristics
(1) Has genetic material (RNA or DNA) inside a protective protein coat
(2) does not reproduce on it’s own
Antibodies
Specialized proteins that need in destroying infectious agents
Vaccine
A weakened inactive version of a pathogen that stimulates the body is reproduction of antibodies which aid in destroying the pathogen
A DNA strand has the following sequence of nuclear tides: Guanine, cytosine, adenine, adenine, thymine, guanine
A. What will the mRNA strand be?
B. How many amino acids will the mRNA code for?
C. How many codons will the mRNA have?
A. Cytosine, guanine, uracil, uracil, adenine, Cytosine
B. 2
C. 2
If a mRNA strand has the sequence of:
Cytosine, guanine, uracil, uracil, adenine, Cytosine
D. What are the anticodons on the tRNAs that will bond to the mRNA?
D. guanine, Cytosine, adenine, adenine, uracil, guanine
Fill in the blanks:
DNA —-> RNA —-> Protein
Transcription and translation
And RNA strand has an anticodon. is it tRNA or mRNA
tRNA
protein synthesis is occurring in a ribosome. Is it a part of transcription or translation
Translation
Suppose scientist determined that a set of jeans is specifically more prevalent in murders then population at large. Would that mean that murders are not at fault for what they do? Why or why not?
No. Genes only determine trends not actual actions
If you look under a microscope and see distinct chromosomes in a cell is the cell in metaphase? Why or why not?
No. The chromosomes are only expanded when they’re not in reproduction
List in order the four stages of mitosis
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Pro, Meta, Ana, Telo
P, M, A, T
The diploid number of a cell 16. what is the haploid number?
8
The haploid number is nine. what is the diploid number?
18
What is the difference between a gamete in a regular animal cell
A gamete is a haploid in an animal cell is diploid
List in order all the stages of meiosis
P1, M1, A1, T1
P2, M2, A2, T2
Which is closer to mitosis:
Meiosis 1 or Meiosis 2?
Meiosis 2
I single so it was seven pairs a Homologous chromosomes go through meiosis 1. How many cells result at the end of meiosis 1? How many chromosomes exist in each cell? Are the chromosomes in each cell duplicated or not?
(1) 2
(2) 7
(3) yes
For cells that originally (prior to meiosis 1) had seven pairs a Homologous chromosomes go through meiosis 2. How many cells result? How many total chromosomes exist in each cell? Are the chromosomes in each cell duplicated or not
(1) 8
(2) 7
(3) not
What is the purpose of the lytic pathway
To reproduce viruses
If a virus uses DNA is it genetic material is it alive? Why or why not?
No. It can not reproduce on its own
A person decided to wait until he contracts me those before getting the vaccine. What is wrong with this strategy
After contracting measles they won’t need the vaccine the body has already produce the antibodies
