2018 Mod6 Flashcards
Absorption
The transport of dissolved substances into cells
Digestion
The breakdown of absorbed substances
Respiration
The breakdown of food molecules will release of energy
Excretion
The removal of soluble waste materials
Egestion
The removal of non-soluble waste materials
Secretion
The removal of biosynthesized substances
Homeostasis
Maintaining the status quo
Reproduction
Producing more cells
Cytology
The study of cells
Cell wall:
A rigid structure on the outside of certain cells, usually plant and bacteria cells
Middle lamella
The thin film between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells
Plasma membrane
The semipermeable membrane between the cell contents and the either the cell wall or the cell’s surroundings
Cytoplasm
A jelly like fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended
Ions
Substances in which at least one atom has an imbalance of protons and electrons
Cytoplasmic streaming
The motion of cytoplasm in a cell that results in a coordinated movements of the cells contents
Mitochondria
The organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy
Lysosome
The organelle in animals cells responsible for hydrolysis reactions that break down proteins, polysaccharide, disaccharide, and some lipids
Ribosomes
Non-membrane-bounded organelles responsible for proteins synthesis
Endoplasmic reticulum
An organelle composed an extensive network of folded membranes that perform several tasks within a cell
Rough ER
ER that is dotted with ribosomes
Smooth ER
ER that has no ribosomes
Golgi bodies
The organelles where proteins and lipids are stored and then modified to suit the needs of the cell
Leucoplasts
Organelles that store starches and oil’s
Chromoplasts
Organelles that contain pigment used in photosynthesis
Central vacuole
A large vacuole the rest at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a solution that contains a high concentration of solutes
Waste vacuoles
Vacuoles that contain the waste products of digestions
Phagocytosis
The process by which a cell engulfs foreign substances or other cells
Phagocytic vacuole
A vacuole that holds the matter which a cell engulfs
Pinocytic vesicle
Vesicle formed as a plasma membrane to allow the absorption of large molecules
Secretion vesicle
Vesicle that holds secretion products so that they can be transferred to the plasma membrane and released
Microtubules
Spiral strands of protein molecules that form a tubelike structure
Nuclear Membrane
A highly-porous membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm
Chromatin
Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell
Cytoskeleton
A network of fibers that holds the cells together, helps the cells to keep it shape, and aid in movement
Microfilaments
Fine, threadlike proteins found in the cell’s cytoskeleton
Intermediate filaments
Threadlike proteins in the cell cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as the microfilaments
Phospholipid
A lipid in which one of the fatty acid molecules has been replaced by a molecule that contains a phosphate group
Passive transport
Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane according to the dictates of osmosis or diffusion
Active transport
Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane (typically the opposite the dictates of osmosis or diffusion) aided by a process that requires energy
Isotonic solution
A solution in which the country duration of solute is essentially equal to that of the cells which reside in the solution
Hypertonic solution
Hey solution in which the concentration of solute is greater than that of the cells that resides in the solution
Plasmolysis
Collapse of a wild cells cytoplasm due to the lack of water
Cytolysis
The rupturing of a sells it to excess internal pressure
Hyportonic solution
Hey solution in which the concentration of solute is less than that of the cells that reside in the solution
Activation energy
Energy necessary to get a chemical reaction going
Name the organelle that play a role in biosynthesis
Ribosomes, smooth/ rough ER, Golgi bodies, chloroplasts, lucoplasts, nuculus
What helps the cell hold its shape if it does not have a cell wall
The cytoskeleton and the endoplasmic reticulum
How does a plant cell fight osmosis in a hypotonic solution
The central vac cool expands and causes turgor pressure
Hey cell contains centrioles and lysosomes. Is it a plant or animal cell
Animal cell
What organelles are involved in the creation? Don’t worry about biosynthetic necessary to go to the secretion product just deal with the process after the product is made
Golgi bodies, secretion vesicle, plasma membrane, cell wall
What things in the cell (not just organelles, but anything we have studied) deal with the cellular movement
Cytoplasm, smooth ER and rough ER, Golgi bodies, secretion vesicles and waste vacuoles, centrioles, cytoskeleton
Where are you at the 11 major tasks cells must perform
Absorption, digestion, respiration, biosynthesis, excretion, egestion, secretion, movement, irritability, homeostasis, and reproduction
What is the plasma membrane made of
Phospholipids cholesterol and proteins
What is the difference between a phospholipid and a regular lipid
Hey phospholipid has two fatty acids and a small molecule with a phosphate group
A regular lipid just has three fatty acids
What makes it possible for the plasma membrane to self – assemble
Phospholipids have a hydraulic and in the hydrophobic end. Hydraulic want water hydrophobic is away from water sort of like a magnet
Hey sale begins to run low on food, and energy output decreases by 20%. What kind of plasma membrane transport active or passive is affected
Active
I think cell dies by inclusion, what kind of solution (isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic) was it in
Hypertonic
List the four stages of aerobic cellular respiration in order in which they occur in addition to note the net number of ATP’s that are made in each so that
(1) Glycolysis: 2 ATPs
(2) formation of acetyl coenzyme A: 0 ATPs
(3) Krebs cycle: 2 ATPs
(4) electron transport system: 32 ATPs
What is ATP’s purpose in the cell
To slowly release energy
If a cell has no oxygen what stages of Arrow Mattick selling your re-present duction can still run how many ATPs can you make from a mark of glucose
The first one(Glycolysis) two ATPs
A scientist determines a means to extract all ADP is for myself why will the skill the cell
The cell need ADP to reassemble ADP to ATP’s
What organelle is responsible for breaking polysaccharide into monosaccharides
lysosomes
