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Biology Q#2 > 2018 Mod6 > Flashcards

2018 Mod6 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Absorption

A

The transport of dissolved substances into cells

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2
Q

Digestion

A

The breakdown of absorbed substances

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3
Q

Respiration

A

The breakdown of food molecules will release of energy

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4
Q

Excretion

A

The removal of soluble waste materials

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5
Q

Egestion

A

The removal of non-soluble waste materials

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6
Q

Secretion

A

The removal of biosynthesized substances

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7
Q

Homeostasis

A

Maintaining the status quo

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8
Q

Reproduction

A

Producing more cells

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9
Q

Cytology

A

The study of cells

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10
Q

Cell wall:

A

A rigid structure on the outside of certain cells, usually plant and bacteria cells

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11
Q

Middle lamella

A

The thin film between the cell walls of adjacent plant cells

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12
Q

Plasma membrane

A

The semipermeable membrane between the cell contents and the either the cell wall or the cell’s surroundings

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13
Q

Cytoplasm

A

A jelly like fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended

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14
Q

Ions

A

Substances in which at least one atom has an imbalance of protons and electrons

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15
Q

Cytoplasmic streaming

A

The motion of cytoplasm in a cell that results in a coordinated movements of the cells contents

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16
Q

Mitochondria

A

The organelles in which nutrients are converted to energy

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17
Q

Lysosome

A

The organelle in animals cells responsible for hydrolysis reactions that break down proteins, polysaccharide, disaccharide, and some lipids

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18
Q

Ribosomes

A

Non-membrane-bounded organelles responsible for proteins synthesis

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19
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

An organelle composed an extensive network of folded membranes that perform several tasks within a cell

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20
Q

Rough ER

A

ER that is dotted with ribosomes

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21
Q

Smooth ER

A

ER that has no ribosomes

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22
Q

Golgi bodies

A

The organelles where proteins and lipids are stored and then modified to suit the needs of the cell

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23
Q

Leucoplasts

A

Organelles that store starches and oil’s

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24
Q

Chromoplasts

A

Organelles that contain pigment used in photosynthesis

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25
Q

Central vacuole

A

A large vacuole the rest at the center of most plant cells and is filled with a solution that contains a high concentration of solutes

26
Q

Waste vacuoles

A

Vacuoles that contain the waste products of digestions

27
Q

Phagocytosis

A

The process by which a cell engulfs foreign substances or other cells

28
Q

Phagocytic vacuole

A

A vacuole that holds the matter which a cell engulfs

29
Q

Pinocytic vesicle

A

Vesicle formed as a plasma membrane to allow the absorption of large molecules

30
Q

Secretion vesicle

A

Vesicle that holds secretion products so that they can be transferred to the plasma membrane and released

31
Q

Microtubules

A

Spiral strands of protein molecules that form a tubelike structure

32
Q

Nuclear Membrane

A

A highly-porous membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

33
Q

Chromatin

A

Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell

34
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

A network of fibers that holds the cells together, helps the cells to keep it shape, and aid in movement

35
Q

Microfilaments

A

Fine, threadlike proteins found in the cell’s cytoskeleton

36
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

Threadlike proteins in the cell cytoskeleton that are roughly twice as thick as the microfilaments

37
Q

Phospholipid

A

A lipid in which one of the fatty acid molecules has been replaced by a molecule that contains a phosphate group

38
Q

Passive transport

A

Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane according to the dictates of osmosis or diffusion

39
Q

Active transport

A

Movement of molecules through the plasma membrane (typically the opposite the dictates of osmosis or diffusion) aided by a process that requires energy

40
Q

Isotonic solution

A

A solution in which the country duration of solute is essentially equal to that of the cells which reside in the solution

41
Q

Hypertonic solution

A

Hey solution in which the concentration of solute is greater than that of the cells that resides in the solution

42
Q

Plasmolysis

A

Collapse of a wild cells cytoplasm due to the lack of water

43
Q

Cytolysis

A

The rupturing of a sells it to excess internal pressure

44
Q

Hyportonic solution

A

Hey solution in which the concentration of solute is less than that of the cells that reside in the solution

45
Q

Activation energy

A

Energy necessary to get a chemical reaction going

46
Q

Name the organelle that play a role in biosynthesis

A

Ribosomes, smooth/ rough ER, Golgi bodies, chloroplasts, lucoplasts, nuculus

47
Q

What helps the cell hold its shape if it does not have a cell wall

A

The cytoskeleton and the endoplasmic reticulum

48
Q

How does a plant cell fight osmosis in a hypotonic solution

A

The central vac cool expands and causes turgor pressure

49
Q

Hey cell contains centrioles and lysosomes. Is it a plant or animal cell

A

Animal cell

50
Q

What organelles are involved in the creation? Don’t worry about biosynthetic necessary to go to the secretion product just deal with the process after the product is made

A

Golgi bodies, secretion vesicle, plasma membrane, cell wall

51
Q

What things in the cell (not just organelles, but anything we have studied) deal with the cellular movement

A

Cytoplasm, smooth ER and rough ER, Golgi bodies, secretion vesicles and waste vacuoles, centrioles, cytoskeleton

52
Q

Where are you at the 11 major tasks cells must perform

A

Absorption, digestion, respiration, biosynthesis, excretion, egestion, secretion, movement, irritability, homeostasis, and reproduction

53
Q

What is the plasma membrane made of

A

Phospholipids cholesterol and proteins

54
Q

What is the difference between a phospholipid and a regular lipid

A

Hey phospholipid has two fatty acids and a small molecule with a phosphate group

A regular lipid just has three fatty acids

55
Q

What makes it possible for the plasma membrane to self – assemble

A

Phospholipids have a hydraulic and in the hydrophobic end. Hydraulic want water hydrophobic is away from water sort of like a magnet

56
Q

Hey sale begins to run low on food, and energy output decreases by 20%. What kind of plasma membrane transport active or passive is affected

A

Active

57
Q

I think cell dies by inclusion, what kind of solution (isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic) was it in

A

Hypertonic

58
Q

List the four stages of aerobic cellular respiration in order in which they occur in addition to note the net number of ATP’s that are made in each so that

A

(1) Glycolysis: 2 ATPs
(2) formation of acetyl coenzyme A: 0 ATPs
(3) Krebs cycle: 2 ATPs
(4) electron transport system: 32 ATPs

59
Q

What is ATP’s purpose in the cell

A

To slowly release energy

60
Q

If a cell has no oxygen what stages of Arrow Mattick selling your re-present duction can still run how many ATPs can you make from a mark of glucose

A

The first one(Glycolysis) two ATPs

61
Q

A scientist determines a means to extract all ADP is for myself why will the skill the cell

A

The cell need ADP to reassemble ADP to ATP’s

62
Q

What organelle is responsible for breaking polysaccharide into monosaccharides

A

lysosomes

Biology Q#2 (4 decks)

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