2018 Mod5 Flashcards
Matter:
anything that has mass and takes up space
Model:
An explanation or re-presentation of something that cannot be seen
Element:
A collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons
Molecules:
Chemicals that result from atoms linking together
Physical change
A change that affects the appearance but not the chemical make up of a substance
Chemical change
A change that alters the make up of the elements or molecules of a substance
Phase:
One of three forms
— solid, liquid, or gas — which every substance is capable of attaining
Diffusion:
The random motion of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Concentration:
A measurement of how much salute exist within a certain volume of solvent
Semipermeable membrane:
A membrane that allows molecules to pass through but does not allow other molecules to pass through
Osmosis:
The tendency of a solvent to travel across a semipermeable membrane into areas of higher solute concentration
Catalyst:
A substance that affects the speed of a chemical reaction but is not used up in the process
Organic molecule
A molecule that contains only carbon and any of the following: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur.
Biosynthesis:
The process by which living organisms produce larger molecules from smaller ones
Isomers:
Two different molecules that have the same chemical formula
Monosaccharides:
Simple carbohydrates that contain 3 to 10 carbon atoms.
Disaccharides:
Carbohydrates that are made up of two monosaccharides
Polysaccharides:
Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides
Dehydration reaction:
A chemical reaction in which molecules combined by removing water
Hydrolysis
Breaking down of complex molecules by chemical addition of water
Hydrophobic
Lacking any affinity to water
Saturated fat:
A lipid made from acid’s that have no double bonds between carbon and atoms
Unsaturated fat:
A lipid made from fatty acid’s that have at least one double bond between carbon atoms
Peptide bond:
A bond that links amino acids together in a protein
Hydrogen bond
Hey strong attraction between a hydrogen Adams and certain other atoms(usually oxygen or nitrogen) in specific molecules
What determines the majority of characteristics in an atom?
The number of electrons
What does the number of atom’s name signify
It is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
What is the difference between an element and Adam?
An element is a collection of Adams with equal number of protons and neutrons
And Adam is the basic building block for life
How many electrons are in an atom with 32 protons
32
How many Adams total are in a molecule of C3H8O? What Adams are present and how many of each Adam are there?
There are three carbon hydrogen and one oxygen making a total of 12 Adams
If you add energy to molecules of a liquid will it turn into a gas or a solid
A gas
A chemist wants to study diffusion should a semipermeable membrane be used
No
Two Solutions of different solute concentration are separated by a membrane. After a while, the water level of the two solutions change. How has osmosis or diffusion taking place? What kind of membrane is being used?
Osmosis
A semipermeable membrane
In the chemical reaction:
N2 + 3H2 ➡️ 2NH3
a. What are the reactants?
b. What are the products?
c. How many molecules of H2 are used in the reaction
A. N2 H2
B. NH3
C. 3
What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis?
6CO+6H2O ➡️
C6H12+6O2
What four things are necessary for a clip to carry out photosynthesis?
A catalyst: chlorophyll
oxygen, water, and glucose.
Other than using a callous, how can a reaction be sped up
By heating it up
How can you tell a carbohydrate sequence
There needs to be only carbon hydrogen and oxygen and hydrogen need to be double the oxygen
- What kind of reaction is used for building disaccharides, polysaccharides, fats, and proteins?
- What kind of reaction breaks the substances down?
- Dehydration
2. Hydrolysis
What a sequence and acid
– C double bonded to O – OH
Describe the pH scale and what it measures
The pH scale measures acidity I’m a scale of zero it was the highest two for 14 equals the lowest seven equals none
How did the basic building blocks of proteins lipids and polysaccharides
Amino acids
If two proteins contain the same type in a number of amino acids but the order in which they think of is different, are the properties of the two proteins the same
No
What are enzymes, and what purpose are they used for
Enzymes are a specialized class of proteins that act as a catalyst
What is the “lock and key” theory of enzyme action
Each catalyst is for a specific item and they fit together perfectly
What are the basic parts of a nucleotide
A phosphate Group, sugars, and the base
How does DNA store information
In a sequence of nucleotide bases
What holds the two helix is in a DNA molecule together?
Hydrogen bonds
What are the four do you feel tired basis? And which ones do they link to
Adenine–Thymine
Cytosine–guanine
