2003 lessons Flashcards
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
CAN be inherited
poliovirus
has an infectious ssRNA
poxviruses
encode growth factors and do not require host nuclear functions to replicate
rubella
Can be transplacentally transmitted
B. Is controlled by vaccination
C. Causes foetal abnormalities
D. Is spread by respiratory aerosol
mhc class 1
close end binding groove, associate with beta2 microglobulin
T cell receptor diversity is generated by
Selection of different D and J region segments
Junctional diversity
Pairing of different α and β chains
in transplantation
Hyperacute rejection is often due to pre-existing antibody
B. An allograft may be a transplant between siblings
C. Acute rejection may be T cell mediated
D. Absence of lymphatic drainage is a common feature of immune privileged sites
E. HLA-matching is NOT very important for liver transplant survival
IgM:
Is the first immunoglobulin class produced in a primary response
B. May have low affinity but high avidity for antigen
Can be secreted
Regarding blood group antigens:
Haemolytic disease of the newborn involves complement mediated lysis of antibody
coated foetal red blood cells
D. Expression of the ABO blood group antigens is co-dominant
E. Anti-rhesus antibodies (Rhogam) are used to prevent haemolytic disease of the
newborn
The following correctly describe features of antibodies:
Maternal IgM is NOT present in human foetal blood
E. IgA is very important in protecting mucosal surfaces
In antigen presenting cells:
Co-stimulatory molecule expression is a defining feature of professional antigen presenting cells The proteasome generates the majority of peptides for MHC class I molecules Invariant chain targets class II molecules to endosomes
In T helper cell development
Macrophages are an important source of IL-12
B. A TH2 response is enhanced by IL-4
C. A TH2 response is inhibited by IFN-γ
D. IL-10 is important in driving a TH2 response
E. TH1 cells produce cytokines that support cell mediated responses
Auto immune diseases
May be due to release of sequestered antigen
Factors that influence the induction of tolerance include
The solubility of the antigen B. The route of antigen administration C. The antigen dose D. The age of the animal E. The presence of adjuvant
Type I hypersensitivity
Involves IgE
B. Involves mast cells
Can be induced in some people by pollens
the Arthus reaction
is a type of local type III hypersensitivity reaction
Phagocytosis
Is facilitated by immunoglobulin
B. Is facilitated by complement component C3b
The following are definitive components of granulation tissue:
Collagen
B. Macrophages
Proliferating endothelium
E. Regeneration epithelium
In the innate immune response
Heat shock proteins released from necrotic cells may induce inflammation
Bacterial flagellin can be recognised by a Toll-like receptor
C. Acute phase proteins can enhance complement activation
D. Neutrophils are the major infiltrating cell in early inflammation
Bacterial endotoxin
Is a component of lipopolysaccharide
C. Activates macrophages
schistosomiasis or schistosomes
Humans are the definitive host
Schistosomes have an outer layer called the tegument
malaria parasites
Malaria parasites are transmitted by an insect vector
B. Humans are NOT the definitive host
C. Malaria parasites cause destruction of red blood cells
D. Malaria parasites are antigenically diverse
E. Malaria parasites replicate in the liver
Characteristic mammalian immune response to worm infestations include
Eosinophils
B. IL-4
C. IgE
D. Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC)
