20 - One Health Surveillance Flashcards
What is a stakeholder?
An individual or group that has an interest in any decision, activity, or outcome of a project or an organization
How do we identify stakeholders?
- To whom does the organization have legal obligations?
- Who is positively or negatively affected by orgs activities
- Who is likely to express concerns about decisions/activities of org
- Who would be disadvantaged if excluded from the engagement?
Examples of organizations/groups that work to protect animals, peoples and the environment
Research institutes, post-secondary institutes, government agencies, NGOs, professional bodies
What is surveillance? How is monitoring different?
Ongoing, systematic and adaptable collection, analysis, interpretation and dissemination of data about health, diseases, and their determinants in a population with the purpose of responding to changes in the pop health or disease status
Monitoring = no response
What is public health surveillance
Systematic, ongoing collection, analysis and interpretation of data and the timely dissemination of information to public health decision makers so that action can be taken to protect public health
Three components of surveillance
- Detection (observe/collect data, analysis, interpretation)
- Information production and communication
- Response
Purposes of surveillance (7)
- estimate burden of a health problem
- determine the distribution of an event
- portray the natural history of a disease
- monitor changes in disease occurrence
- generate hypotheses and stimulate research
- early detection -> rapid response
- reportable/notifiable disease
Nine surveillance system attributes
- Usefulness
- data quality
- timeliness
- flexibility
- simplicity
- stability
- sensitivity
- representativeness
- acceptability
Slides 23, 24
Types of surveillance data collection
- Passive vs active surveillance data
- type of population under surveillance and subsequent data
What is passive surveillance
“Voluntary” reports of cases based on a case definition
May be required by law to report
Simple, cost effective but delay in obtaining info
What is active surveillance
Actively search for cases of disease (collecting disease data, sampling strategy)
Less under-reporting
Costly, slow
What is sentinel surveillance? E.g.
Identify a population to be a sentinel for disease in a broader or another population
E.g. ticks and lyme disease
What is syndromic surveillance
Data collection on disease indicators in [near] real-time, assisted by automated acquisition and statistical alerts, to detect outbreaks
Four D’s of Canada BSE surveillance program? At least three of what symptoms
Down, diseased, dying, distressed
Clinical sign:
- lack of coordination
- trembling
- sensitivity to touch, sounds or light
- abnormal head position
- nervous, aggressive
- hesitation at doors, gates, barriers
- loss of BW, condition, reduced milk
Surveillance for veterinary drugs
- CFIA surveils for drug residues in meat
- veterinary drug withdrawals (drug labels)
- health canada evaluates + monitors safety/quality/effectiveness of vet drugs
