20 Higher Mental Functions Flashcards
What are the Three Motor Cortexes?
F, F, MM
Pre FRONTAL, Field eye fields, Association motor cortex, Primary Motor cortex
Name the three sensory Cortex areas?
S V A
Somatosensory (Touch), Visual and Auditory
What is the role of the Cortical Association Cortexes?
Receive input from sensory and pass it to motor cortex via Nuclei
Name four cortical association area?
IT PP FD OF
- Inferotemporal AA
- Posterior ParietalAA
- Frontal dorsolateral AA
- Oribitofrontal AA
What area is Primary Visual Cortex?
area 17
What area is the Visual ASSOCIATION CORTEX?
18 AND 19 but not called V2 3 4
What types of cells in the retina are associated with vision?
Ganglion cells
What type of receptive fields do Ganglion cells in the retina have?
circular receptive fields
Describe the structures of the ganglion cells in the retina?
1/2 - On centre off surround
1/2 Off centre on surround
When do action potentials fire and not fire in the ganglion cells in the retina?
Excitory centre - on centre- fire when LIGHT HITS
Inhibitory centre - off centre - reduce fire when light hits
What shape of stimuli do ganglion cells respond to?
Respond to Bar/Edge Stimuli despite haveing circular recpetive fields
What type of receptive fields do Visual cortex cells have? (Diff to retina ganglion cells)
Simple
What is the function of the Inferotemporal association cortex?
Allows recognition of and item in different orientation
How does the Inferotemporal AC work?
GRANDMOTHER CELLS
Cells for shape size colour are SIMULTANEOSULY activated which travel along hierarchy to reach the answer
What is the function of the posterior parietal cortex?
dog
Separate background from the object
How does the posterior parietal cortex work?
ACTIVE PERCEPTION
Preconcsiously compare image to a perceptual model in our memory - if matches - goes to our conscious thought
if not we can identify the object/make sense of image
Which sensory cortex does the Inferotemporal and post pariteal AC receive input from?
Primary Visual Cortex
Via what nucleas does the Primary Visual cortex send info to the
- Inferotemporal AC
- Posterior pariteal AC
- Inferior Longitudinal fascicules
2. Superior Longitudinal fascicles
Via what Nuclei does retina send info to the occipital/visual cortex?
Lateral Geninucleate nucleas
Define Aphasia
Language/Speech impairment
Define Agnosia
Knowledge impairment
Define Apraxia
Phsyical movement
Damage to Post Parietal Cortex: Piece meal perception
Only see one thing at a time
Damage to Post Parietal Cortex: Constructional Apraxia
Cant rebuild same thing/copy LEGGOS
Damage to Post Parietal Cortex: Oculomotor Apraxia
Cant reach/grab objects
Damage to Post Parietal Cortex: Discalculia (related to piece meal perception)
Cant count
Damage to Post Parietal Cortex: Controlateral Disregard
Cant see half of the world
Damage to Post Parietal Cortex: Controlateral Disregard
Explain which half of the world can be seen
PPC is on both left and right side of brain
Damade to L PPC you cant see anything in RIGHT VISUAL FIELD
What is Balints syndrome (Rare)
Cant see broadly but can see little detail - bump into things
Damadge to the left side of the brain results in what impairment?
Naming objects
Damage to the Inferotemporal AC results in what?
Agnosia - Knowledge impairment
Damage to the Inferotemporal AC results in what in relation to DISEASE?
Alzeihmer’s - LONG TERM RECALL
Memory is NOT STORED here but need it to access it (Door not the room
What is the dorsolateral frontal A C function? :) Happy*
Future planning and decision making *Cant plan future
SHORT TERM MEMORY
Name the AC involved in
- Short term memory
- Long term
- Dorso lateral frontal cortex
2. Inferotemporal Cortex
How do you diagnose doroslateral frontal AC damadge?
Wisconsin card sorting and Digit Span test (Say numbers and ask to repeat - unable to)
Take proverbs literally
Damadge to the dorso lateral frontal AC results in what?
Inabilty to focus/ lack of attention
What is the function of the orbitofrontal Associtation Cortex?
Change plans according to circumstance (Emotional)
