20 dont know if you will like the way i am doing the question. Flashcards
what is the treatment for osteopetrosis
stem cell replacement
what does causes the medullary cavity fill up with compact bone causing them to be weaker
osteopetrosis
what is the primary cause of osteoporosis
it is Senile or postmenopausal
what is the cause of senile osteoporosis
this is just an age related because of decrease in GF and asteoblast activity
what is the cause of postmenopausal osteoporosis
this is caused by a drop in estrogen circulation
50% of all women that are P.M.
what will you see in osteoporosis
fractures of the vertebral (Dowagers hump)
fractures of the femoral neck (hip fracture) (may cause emboli)
how do you test for osteoporosis
duel-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA scan)
why are X-rays not used to test for osteoporosis
this is because you will need 30-40% loss in bone mass before it will show up
what is another name for paget disease
osteitis deformans
what will Paget’s disease cause
increase in bone mass but it is weak
what will the bone look like in Paget’s disease
it will have a shaggy appearance
what is the laboratory value that is associated with Paget’s disease
increase in alkaline phosphatase
what percent is asymptomatic with Paget’s disease
about 70-90%
what is the sign of symptomatic finding with paget disease
osseous deformation
where will you see about 80% of the lesions with Paget’s disease
on the axial skeleton or femur (most likely on the pelvis)
who is most likely to get Paget’s disease
older adults at 70+ years
what do we call vitamin D deficiency in kids
rickets
what do we call vitamin D deficiency in adults
Osteomalacia
what is cause increase osteoclast activity and most common nonmalignant
hyperparathyroidism
what will cause salt and pepper skull
hyperparathyroidism
what with cause resorption of the cortical and trabecular bone and may produce a “brown tumor”
hyperparathyroidism
what is a compound fracture
one that breaks the skin
what is a comminuted fracture
fragmentation
what is a stress fractures
these are developed slowly over time
how long does it takes to heal a fracture
about 6-8 weeks
what will delay healing of a fracture
inadequate immobilization
nonunion
infection
nutritional deficiencies
what is avascular necrosis
it is cutting off blood to bone that will cause tissue necrosis
what is preserved with avascular necrosis
the cortex
what is the cause of avascular necrosis
vascular disruption from fracture
corticosteroids use
idiopathic
what is osteomyelitis
bone-marrow-inflammation
what is the cause of osteomyelitis
most likely infection of bone marrow
what is the most common mode of infection for osteomyelitis
hematogenous (through the blood)
what is an involucrum
it is a bone deposited around infected bone
what is a sequestrum
dead bone at site of infection
what is the draining sinus
rupture of the periosteum leads to an abscess in the surrounding soft bone. (look at page 8 bottom left slide for a picture)
what are some of the things that we will see if you have tuberculous osteomyelitis
granulomas
caseous necrosis
boney destruction
what is Potts disease
TB of the spine
what are the most common bone that is effected by TB
Long bones and vertebrae
what are the features of bone tumors
bone pain gradually increases
fatigue, pyrexia
what is the best way to describe an osteoma
a superficial non-invasive benign tumor on most likely on the skull and facial bones
what is a osteoid osteoma
small <2 cm
most likely on the femur or tibia
pain at night and aspirin will relive the pain
what is an osteoblastoma
larger 2-6 cm
spinous or transverse
no response to aasprin
what is an osteosarcoma
aggressive malignancy
most common primary bone cancer
who is the most likely to get an osteosarcoma
adolescent males (10-20) old (>40) co-morbid bone pathology
where are you most likely to get osteosarcoma
knee (60%)
hip (15%)
shoulder (10%)
what does osteosarcoma look like
a sunburst on the bone
what is does osteosarcoma destroy
periosteal and medullary
does a osteosarcoma rapidly enlarge
yes
what happens if you inherit the RB gene with osteosarcoma
1000 times more likely to get osteosarcoma
what is the treatment of a primary osteosarcoma
amputation or limb-salvage therapy
what is the treatment for a secondary co-morbid osteosarcoma
typically fatal
what is a typical osteochondroma
it is a cartilage-capped outgrowth (hyalin cartilage)
where does osteochondroma usually originate
on the metaphysis (near the growth plate)
who is most likely to get osteochondroma
males (3x) age 10-30
what will osteochonroma usually do with the host bone
cortex merges and cause a painful fracture
what is another name for chondroma
enchondroma
what does chondroma effect
hyaline cartilage
where does a chondroma usually form
in the medullary cavity
what is it called when you have multiple lesions of chondromas
ollier disease
what does a chondroma look like on an MRI
o-ring sing