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Geography > 2.0 COASTS > Flashcards

2.0 COASTS Flashcards

1
Q

What is Fetch?

A

Distance of the wind can travel uninterrupted

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2
Q

Backwash

A

Straight down the beach due to gravity

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3
Q

What is swash?

A

Sea goes up beach at an angle due to prevailing wind

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4
Q

5 Properties of constructive wave

A
  • Long wave length
  • Low wave height
  • Strong swash weak backwash
  • Calm weather(less powerful)
  • Deposit sediment on beach
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5
Q

5 Properties of destructive waves

A
  • Short wave length
  • High wave height
  • Weak swash strong backwash
  • Stormy weather (more powerful)
  • Remove sediment from beach
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6
Q

Hydraulic Action

A

Crash in to cliffs and force apart

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7
Q

Abrasion

A

Throw rocks at cliff

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8
Q

Corrosion/solution

A

Acid water dissolves cliffs

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9
Q

Attrition

A

Pebbles hit each other and break down

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10
Q

Erosion rate of Mappleton (average)

A

7-10 m per year

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11
Q

Reason for Mappleton erosion

A

Winds have long fetch over North Sea so build energy

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12
Q

Defences at Mappleton

A

£2mill granite (Norwegian) rock groynes which build up the beach and protect the clay cliff base (and main road)

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13
Q

Ecstatic change

A

Where the sea level rises and land stays the same

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14
Q

Isostatic change

A

Where the land height changes

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15
Q

What’s beach nourishment? (+where)

A

Sediment from off shore sea bed in spread along the beach SEAFORD

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16
Q

Advantages of beach nourishment

A

Attracts tourists
Isn’t ugly
Stops beach sinking

17
Q

Disadvantages of beach nourishment

A

Very expensive
Harms marine life scares animals
Heavy machinery
Needs replacing

18
Q

Whats managed realignment? (+where)

A

Water breaks embankment and creates salt marshes and mud flats. Absorbs energy. TOLLESBURY

19
Q

Advantages of managed realignment

A

Cheap
Sustainable
Stores water during storm surges

20
Q

DisAdvantages of managed realignment

A

Need to remove previous defences

Land sacrifice

21
Q

How is a wave created?

A

Wind causes friction at the surface and the energy is passed on through the water

Geography (8 decks)

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