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* Physics > 20 > Flashcards

20 Flashcards

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1
Q

Pitch

A

The highness or lowness of a tone: related to wave frequency

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2
Q

Infrasonic/Ultrasonic

A

Too low or high to be heard by the human ear. Below 20, above 20,000

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3
Q

Reverbation

A

Persistence of sound, as in an echo, due to multiple reflections

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4
Q

Natural frequency

A

The frequency at which an elastic object tends to vibrate when it is disturbed and the disturbing force is removed. Depends on elasticity and shape of object.

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5
Q

Sound

A

Waves produced by the vibrations of matter (strings, reeds, vocal cords)

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6
Q

Sound waves (3)

A

Are vibration made of compressions and rarefactions. Are longitudinal waves. Require a medium (solid/liquid/gas)

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7
Q

Wavelength of sound

A

Distance between succesive compressions or rarefactions.

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8
Q

What is the wave frequency of sound produced by a 220 hz tuning fork?

A

220 Hz

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9
Q

Most sound is transmitted through ____, but any _____ substance can transmit sound.

A

Air, Elastic

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10
Q

Sound travels __ times faster in water and ___ faster in steel than air.

A

4, 15

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11
Q

Compression

A

A pulse of compressed air

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12
Q

Rarefaction

A

zone of lower pressure

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13
Q

Do compressions and rearefactions in a sound wave travel in the same or opposite directions?

A

Same

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14
Q

What is the approximate distance of a thunderstorm when you note a 3s delay between the flash of lightening and sound of the thunder?

A

Assuming speed of sound in air is about 340 m/s, 1020m.

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15
Q

How much energy does sound require?

A

Very small - 10 million people talking would power a small flashlight.

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16
Q

What travels farther - low or high freq?

A

High freq wave transform (lost as heat) more rapidly, so low freq travels farther.

17
Q

Echo

A

Reflection of sound, many times

18
Q

Refraction

A

When sound waves continue through a medium and bend (caused by changes in speed). Sound waves bend when parts of the wavefronts travel at different speeds. Wind, uneven temp, altitude can cause this.

19
Q

Resonance

A

When the freq of forced vibrations on an object matches the object’s natural frequency and a dramatic increase in amplitude occurs. Tacoma narrows bridge…

20
Q

A depth-sounding vessel surveying the ocean with ultrasonic sound that travels and average of 1530 m/s. How deep is the water is the delay of the echo is 2 sec?

A

1530 - 1 sec down, 1 up

21
Q

How do sound cancelling headphones work?

A

Destructive sound interference. 180 difference

22
Q

Beat

A

Periodic variation in the loudness of sound. Happens when two tones of slightly different frequency are sounded together and a fluctuation in the loudness of the combined sound causes loud/faint/loud/faint.

23
Q

What is the beat frequency when a 262 Hz tuning fork and a 266 Hz tuning fork are sounded together?

A

The ear will hear 264 Hz which will beat at 4 Hz.

24
Q

What is the relationship betweenfrequencyandpitch?

A

Pitch is the human perception of sound frequency.

25
Q

What factors does the speed of sound depend upon? What are some factors that it doesnotdepend upon?

A

It depends on temperature and humidity, not on loudness and frequency.

26
Q

What is the cause of refraction?

A

Different speeds of sound in a medium

Sound waves bend when parts of the wavefront travel at different speeds. Uneven wind, temps.

Why thunder is not heard from far away lightening.

27
Q

What is the result of a mirror image of a sound signal combining with the sound itself?

A

The sound is cancelled when added to its mirror image.

28
Q

Speed of sound depends on:

A

Depends on wind, temp, humidity. Dry air is 330 m/s, slightly faster in water vapor, warm air faster than cold. Each degree above 0°C ↑ speed of sound by .6 m/s

29
Q

Relative to solids and liquids, how does air rank as a conductor of sound?

A

Relative to solids and liquids, air is a poor conductor of sound.

30
Q

What beat frequency will occur when a 370-Hz and a 374-Hz sound source are sounded together?

A

4 hz

31
Q

A cat can hear sound frequencies up to 70,000 Hz. Bats send and receive ultra-high-frequency squeaks up to 120,000 Hz. Which hears sound of shorter wavelengths, cats or bats?

A

The shorter wavelengths are heard by bats.

* Physics (12 decks)

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