20/4 - seminarie domestication Flashcards
A. Explain the concept domestication syndrome. Give examples of morphological and
physiological changes.
Plant domestication is the genetic modification of a wild
species to create a new form of a plant altered to meet
human needs
There is a common suite of traits—known as the
“domestication syndrome”—that distinguishes most
seed and fruit crops from their progenitors (Hammer,
1984). Compared to their progenitors, food crops typically
have larger fruits or grains, more robust plants
overall, more determinate growth or increased apical
dominance (the robust growth of the central stem
in comparison to the side stems), and a loss of natural
seed dispersal so that seeds remain attached to the
plant for easy harvest by humans
B. Describe the different bottlenecks involved in the evolution of crops.
population - ändrar när de flyttar / anpassar sig
domestication: selected gene
Human/natural selection
Bottleneck: loss of variancer due to selection
C. How has the domestication affected the genetic diversity in neutral and selected genes?
selected - can loose genes
neutral - loss less men har mer varianter - följer bara med vid domestication - gener som kontrollerar det vi ej letar efter
D. Which type of genes is controlling morphological changes as a result of domestication?
5/6 gener påverkar morf är TF
många är kvantitativa vilket är varför ett antal gener hittas i många olika plants
E. Discuss the two different approaches a) mapping and b) population genetic analysis to
identify genes controlling the differences between crops and their wild relatives
(domestication genes)
a) clasical genetic approach: se op fenotyp och arbeta sig bakåt
b) start with gene och frågar sig själv om denna gen har varit targeted for selection
- QLT mapping: quantitative trait loci mapping
- väljer fenotyp och går sen till genotyp
(bottom-top/ top-bottom
finns en del bilder som jag ej tar med och ligger en del tidigare i föreläsningen
jupp
