2. Sex Organs Flashcards
Follicle cells
Antral (cavity)
Outside: thecal cells
Inside: granulosa cells
Zona pelucida: layer of glycoproteins
Corona radiata: layer of granulosa (thecal cells)
Folliculogenesis: oocyte and her buddies (flat epithelial cells)
Oogenesis
Asymmetric cytokinesis (polar bodies)
Accelerates at puberty
Ends at menarch
Sex says something about…
Genetics, Gonads, Genitals
Female gonadal formation
Primordial germ cells migrate to genital ridge (4-6 weeks)
Develop into oogonia by mitosis (6 weeks-3 months)
Primary oocytes arise at 3mo
Many degenerate except near cortex
Oocytes become atretic, continuous after birth
Capacitation
In uterine induces host reaction (leukocytes engulf (ab)normal spermatozoa)
Isthmus functions as sperm store
Non-identified chemotactic cues (egg) regulate increase of Ca2+
Loss of membrane cholesterol (vital to fertilization)
Many glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)
Testes descend
Inguinal canals are passageways through abdominal musculature for testes descend; closed later in life (risk of inguinal hernia)
Sustentacular cells (Sertoli cells) in testes
Maintain blood-testis barrier
Support mitosis and meiosis
Support spermiogenesis
Secrete inhibin
Secrete ABP (androgen binding protein)
Secrete MIF (M”ulerian inhibiting factor)
Acrosomal cap
Makes sure spermatozoon can penetrate egg cell
Fusion Golgi and…
Ovarian cycle
Follicular phase (preovulatory)
Luteal phase (postovulatory)
Ovaries
Secretion of female sex hormones (feedback control)
Cortex (outer rim of ovary): where oocytes are produced in follicle
Interstitial cells in testes
Stimulated by LH
Stimulated cells produce testosterone, promote sexual characteristics, inhibit hypothalamus in releasing GnRH
Male temperature regulation
Cremaster and dartos muscles
