16. Anatomy of the Reproductive System Flashcards
1
Q
Male components
A
Penis, scrotum, testicles, epididymis, spermatic cord, glands
2
Q
Penis
A
- Contains urethra
- Prostatic part
- Membranous part
- Spongy part
- 2 functions
- Transport of urine
- Transport of ejaculate
- Structure
- 2 swelling bodies
- Corpera cavernosa (2x)
- Corpus spongiosum (1x)
- Function
- Aim for swelling of the penis (erection)
- Dilation of vessels (increase blood)
- Primarily corpus cavernosum
- Corpus spongiosum
- Less swelling, -> compress urethra
- Forms glans penis
- Aim for swelling of the penis (erection)
- 2 swelling bodies
3
Q
Scrotum
A
- Skin
- Tunica dartos
- External spermatic fascia
- Cremaster muscle + fascia
- Contains spermatic cord
- Vas deferens or ductus deferens
- Transport of sperm cells from within to outside, start in scrotum
- Blood vessels
- Nerves
- Vas deferens or ductus deferens
- Contains spermatic cord
- Internal spermatic fascia
- Tunica vaginalis
- Tunica albunginea
- Length as (dis)advantage
- Smaller risk of bladder infection
- Risk of uretral blockage
4
Q
Testicles
A
- Situated under epididymis
- Production of sperm cells
- Contained in tunica albunginea
- Capsule formed of connective tissue
- Albunginea = white
5
Q
Epididymis
A
- Network contains efferent ductules
- Form early epididymis
- Subdivided in regions
- caput and corpus (tightly coiled)
- cauda (unwound)
- Function
- Storage of sperm (cauda)
- Recycling of damaged sperm cells
- Production of fluid
- Further trajectory
- Epididymis forms vas deferens
- Enters inguinal canal
- Drains onto ejaculatory duct
6
Q
Male glands
A
- Seminal vesicles
- Add up to 70% to semen (fructose and prostaglandins)
- Prostate
- Add 30% to semen (prostate fluid)
- Neutralizes acidity and improves motility
- Cowper’s gland
- Size of a pea
- Produces alkaline fluid (lubrication)
7
Q
Spermatogenesis
A
- Sperm cells in seminiferous ducts
- Leydig cells produce testosterone (adjacent to tubules)
- Convoluted tubules → straight tubules
- Finally form rete testis (network)
8
Q
Male orientation
A
- Ductus deferens crosses ureter dorsally
- Temporarily widens after crossing (ampulla)
- Drains in ejactulatory duct
- Join to form urethra
9
Q
Labia
A
- Majora
- broader folds of skin
- analogous to scrotal skin
- Minora
- folds of skin and mucous membrane
- join to form clitoral hood
- Female swelling body
- Analogous to corpera cavernosa/spongiosa
10
Q
Female components
A
Vagina, labia, pubic mound, glands, uterus, ovaries, ligaments, fallopian tubes
11
Q
Glands
A
- Bartolin glands
- Secrete muscus for lubrication
- Analogues to Cowper’s glands
- Skene’s glands
- Secrete muscus for lubrication
12
Q
Uterus
A
- Specific position in pelvis (anteversion and anteflexion)
- Attachment ( 4 ligaments)
- Round: embryonic rest
- Broad: fold of peritoneum
- Cardinal: uterine artery
- Uterosacral
13
Q
Ovaries
A
- Storage of egg cells
- Connected to uterus via Fallopian tube
- Egg travel across peritoneal cavity
- Risk of extra-uterine pregnancy
- Possible extension of infection
- Egg travel across peritoneal cavity
- Ligaments
- Suspensory ligament (contains ovarian artery)
- Ovarian ligament (embryonic rest)
- Mesovary (part of broad ligament,, fold of peritoneal membrane)
14
Q
Fallopian tubes
A
Fibriae, infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus (parts of tube)
15
Q
Vagina
A
- Partly internal: borders cervix (neck of uterus)
- Largest part external: primarily vaginal vestibule
