2. Psychological Therapies Flashcards
What are the categories of common Mental Health Disorders?
- Affective / Anxiety Disorders
- Substance Misuse Disorders
- Disorders of Rection to Psychological Distress
What are the common Affective / Anxiety Disorders?
- Major Depressive Disorder
- Generalised Anxiety Disorder
- Panic Disorder / Phobic Anxiety Disorder
- Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
What are the common Substance Misuse Disorders?
- Misuse of Alcohol
- Misuse of Tobacco
- Misuse of Opioids / Benzo’s / Stimulants
What is the common Disorders of Reaction to Stress?
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
What are the Psychological Therapies?
- Cognitive Behavioural Therapy
- Behavioural Activation
- Interpersonal (Psycho)Therapy
- Motivational Interviewing
What is Cognitive Behavioural Therapy good for?
- Depression
- Anxiety
- Phobias
- Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
What are the features of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy?
- Short Term
- Foxus on the Here / Now
- Problem Focused / Goal Orientated
What are the key components of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy?
- Event
- Thoughts
- Feelings
- Behaviours
Events cause Thoughts to affect Feelings to affect Behaviour
What does a Therapist do in Cognitive Behavioural Therapy?
- Identify Thoughts / Feelings / Behaviours
- Assess whether thoughts are Unrealistic / Unhelpful
- Identify what can change
- Gives “Homework” which challenges the thoughts
What is the Theory / Rationale behind Behavioural Activation?
- Focus on Avoided Activities:
- a) As a Guide for Activity Scheduling
- b) For a Functional Analysis of Cognitive Processes that involve Avoidance
- Focus on what predicts and maintains an unhelpful response by various reinforcers
- Client taught to analyse unintended consequences of their way of responding
In Depression, what are some examples of:
- Social Withdrawal?
- Non-Social Avoidance?
- Emotional Avoidance?
- Cognitive Avoidance?
- Avoidance by Distraction?
- Not answering the Telephone / Avoiding Friends
- Not taking on challenging tasks / Sitting around the House / Spending excessive time in Bed
- Use of Alcohol / Substances
- Not thinking about Relationship Problems / Not Making Decisions about the Future / Not Taking Opportunities / Not being serious about Work or Studies
- Watching T.V. / Computer Games / Gambling / Comfort-eating / Excessive Exercise
What are the features of Interpersonal (Psycho)Therapy?
- Time Limited (12-16 weeks)
- Focused on the Present
Note - This is good for Depression
What is the Rationale / Theory behind Interpersonal (Psycho)Therapy?
Depression often follows a Disturbing Change in (or contingent with) Significant I-P Event:
- Complicated Bereavement
- Dispute
- Role Transition
- Interpersonal
What are the Advantages of Interpersonal (Psycho)Therapy?
- A Grade Evidence for treating Depression
- No Formal Homework - may be preferable
- Client can continue to practise skills beyond the session ending
What are the Disadvantages of Interpersonal (Psycho)Therapy?
- Requires a degree of ability to reflect
2. Where poor social networks
When is Motivational Interviewing used?
Used where behaviour change is being considered, when patient may be unmotivated or ambivalent to change
What are the principles of Motivational Interviewing?
- Express Empathy - Understand a person’s predicament
- Avoid Argument - Challenging may cause them to become defensive
- Support Self-Efficacy - Patient sets the Agenda
What are the Stages of Change?
- Pre-Contemplation - “Who me?” / Denial
- Contemplation - Ambivalence
- Planning - “I Have a Problem - How can I Change?”
- Action - “This is what I am Doing”
- Maintenance / Relapse
