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3rd Year - Psychiatry > 10.3. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - Further Clinical Topics > Flashcards

10.3. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry - Further Clinical Topics Flashcards

1
Q

What Mental Health Problems are Associated with being out of School?

A
  1. Anxiety
  2. Conduct Disorder
  3. Autism
  4. Depression
  5. Obsessional Compulsive Disorder
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2
Q

What Anxiety Disorders may prevent a Child from wanting to go to school?

A
  1. Separation Anxiety - Fear of Leaving Parents / Home

2. Social Phobia - Fear of Joining a Group

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3
Q

What are the Features of Anxiety Disorders?

A

The 3 A’s@

  1. Anxious Thoughts / Fellings
  2. Autonomic Symptoms
  3. Avoidant Behaviour
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4
Q

What parts of the Brain are associated with Anxiety Disorders? And How?

A

There is Reduced connectivity between the Right Ventrolateral Amygdala and the Amygdala in Generalised Anxiety Disorders in Adolescents

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5
Q

What is the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders in Adolescents?

A
  1. Medication - SSRI’s (Fluoxetine)
  2. Behavioural:
  3. a) Learning Alternative Patterns of Behaviour
  4. b) Desensitization
  5. c) Overcoming Fear
  6. d) Managing Feelings
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6
Q

What is the Principle of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy?

A

Thoughts, affect Feelings, affect Behaviours …

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7
Q

What are the Long Term Effects of Successful Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Treatment?

A
  1. Challenge
  2. Success
  3. Self-Confidence
  4. Resilience
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8
Q

What are the Features of an Autistic Disorder?

A
  1. Qualitative Impairments in Reciprocal Social Interaction
  2. Qualitative Impairments in Communication
  3. Restricted / Repetitive / Stereotyped Patterns of Behaviour / Interests / Activities
  4. Onset before 3 years of Age - Defined Behaviourally
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9
Q

What are the Domains of the Clinical Picture of Autism? And What affects them?

A 
Domains:
1. Reciprocity
2. Language
3. Obsession
Effected by Age / IQ
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10
Q

In an Autism Spectrum Disorder, What (Decreased Dimensions) Clinical Features are there?
Note - What do they have less of

A

Decreased:

  1. Self-Other Perspective Talking
  2. Sharing / Divided Attention
  3. Flexible Learning
  4. Social Understanding
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11
Q

In an Autism Spectrum Disorder, What (Increased Dimensions) Clinical Features are there?
Note - What do they have more of?

A
  1. Rigidity
  2. Sameness
  3. Fixed Learning Patterns
  4. Technical Understanding
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12
Q

In an Autism Spectrum Disorder, What (Younger / Lower IQ) Clinical Features are there?

A

Decreased:

  1. Joint-Attention / Attention to Others
  2. Emotional Responses
  3. Movements / Actions
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13
Q

In an Autism Spectrum Disorder, What (Older / Higher IQ) Clinical Features are there?

A

Decreased:

  1. Conversation
  2. Empathy
  3. Interests
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14
Q

What are the Qualitative Impairments in Reciprocal Social Interaction, in a Child with an Autism Spectrum Disorder?

A
  1. Failure to Appreciate Socio-Emotional Cues
  2. Failure to Respond to others Emotions
  3. No Modulation of Behaviour according to Social Situation
  4. Lack of Facial Expression / Social Smiling
  5. Failure to Direct Attention
  6. No Seeking to Share
    (7. Does not Develop Friends)
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15
Q

What are the Qualitative Impairments in Communication, in a Child with an Autism Spectrum Disorder?

A
  1. Poor Social use of Language e.g. Conversation
  2. Inflexible of Language e.g. Stereotypes / Echolalia
  3. Lack of Social-Initiative and Make Believe Play
  4. Reduced Gesture / Eye Gaze / Modulation of Tone or Rate or Volume of Speech
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16
Q

What are the Non-Specific Clinical Features, of a Child with an Autism Spectrum Disorder?

A
  1. Learning Disability - Mild to Severe
  2. Self-Injury
  3. Aggression
  4. Temper Tantrums
  5. Hyperactivity
  6. Disturbed Sleep and Eating Habits
  7. Developmental Motor Coordination Disorder
17
Q

How is a Diagnosis of an Autism Spectrum Disorder made?

A
  1. Many Symptoms are Present
  2. Been there since 3 years old
  3. Symptoms are Pervasive
18
Q

What are the Co-Morbid Conditions of an Autism Spectrum Disorder?

A
  1. Learning Disability - Delayed Milestones / Poor Verbal IQ
  2. Depression
  3. Social Anxiety
  4. Obsessional Compulsive Disorder
  5. Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity-Disorder (ADHD)
  6. Conduct Disorder
19
Q

What Aetiology of an Autism Spectrum Disorder?

A

Co-Morbid with Congenital / Genetic Disorders - Rubella / Callosal Agenesis / Down’s Syndrome …
Note - Mostly Idiopathic Genetic

20
Q

What is the Management of Autism Spectrum Disorder?

A
  1. Recognition / Description / Acknowledgement of Disability
  2. Establishing Needs
  3. Appreciating the “Can’t” and the “Won’t”
21
Q

What are the Features of Oppositional Defiant Disorder?

A
  1. Refusal to Obey Adults Request
  2. Often Argues with Adults
  3. Often Loses Temper
  4. Deliberately Annoys People
  5. Touchy / Easily Annoyed by others
  6. Spiteful / Vindictive

3rd Year - Psychiatry (23 decks)

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