2. Pelvic Diaphragm: Male

Question 1

Identify

Answer 1

1. Levator ani muscle (Puborectalis; Pubococcygeus; Iliococcygeus)
2. Coccygeus muscle

Question 2

How is the pelvic diaphragm formed?

Answer 2

With the coccygeus muscle, the levator ani forms the pelvic diaphragm.

Question 3

Identify 1. O & I

Answer 3

Origin: Levator ani muscle arises from….

• the body of the pubis
• the arcus tendineus (actually a thickened portion of the obturator fascia) of the levator ani
• the ischial spine.

Insertion: Attaches to

• the coccyx
• anococcygeal raphe
• external anal sphincter
• walls of the prostate
• rectum
• anal canal
• central tendon of the perineum.

Question 4

Identify 1. Action

Answer 4

Action: Supports and slightly raises the pelvic floor.

Question 5

The greater sciatic foramen exists (1)____ to the pelvic diaphragm and provides a passageway for structures to leave (2)___ and enter the (3)___

Answer 5

1. superior
2. the pelvic cavity
3. gluteal region.

Question 6

___ exists superior to the pelvic diaphragm and provides a passageway for structures to leave the pelvic cavity and enter the gluteal region.

Answer 6

1. The greater sciatic foramen

Question 7

The lesser sciatic foramen exists (1)___ to the pelvic diaphragm and provides a passageway for (2)___ to pass from (3)___ to the (4) (importantly, the pudendal neurovascular bundle).

Answer 7

1. inferior
2. neurovascular structures
3. the gluteal region
4. perineum

Question 8

___ exists inferior to the pelvic diaphragm and provides a passageway for neurovascular structures to pass from the gluteal region to the perineum (importantly, the pudendal neurovascular bundle).

Answer 8

1. The lesser sciatic foramen

Question 9

The levator ani helps maintain the integrity of the (1)___ and (2)___, as well as support the (3)___ and assist in defecation by straightening the anorectal junction in both sexes.

Answer 9

1. uterus
2. vagina
3. rectum

Question 10

The levator ani, as part of the pelvic diaphragm, provides an important support structure for the pelvic viscera, and especially the female reproductive viscera.

→ It helps maintain the integrity of the uterus and vagina, as well as support the rectum and assist in defecation by ___ in both sexes.

Answer 10

straightening the anorectal junction

Question 11

Identify 1. O & I

Answer 11

• Origin: Coccygeus (ischiococcygeus) muscle arises from the spine of the ischium and the sacrospinous ligament.
• Insertion: Attaches to the coccyx and lower portion of the sacrum.

Question 12

Assisting the levator ani, the coccygeus pulls the coccyx forward after defecation and forms the ___ (anterior/posterior) portion of the pelvic diaphragm.

Answer 12

1. posterior

Question 13

Identify 1. Action

Answer 13

Coccygeus (ischiococcygeus) muscle

Action: With the levator ani, the coccygeus (ischiococcygeus) supports the pelvic floor.

→ It also draws the coccyx forward after the coccyx has been pushed back during parturition (in females) or defecation.

Question 14

Identify

Answer 14

1. Coccygeus (ischiococcygeus) muscle
2. Piriformis

Question 15

Identify 1. Innervation

Answer 15

1. Coccygeus (ischiococcygeus) muscle

Innervation: Anterior rami of S4 and S5.

Question 16

What does the coccygeus do after defecation?

Answer 16

Assisting the levator ani, the coccygeus pulls the coccyx forward after defecation and forms the posterior portion of the pelvic diaphragm.

Question 17

Assisting ___ (WHICH MUSCLE?), the coccygeus pulls the coccyx forward after defecation and forms the posterior portion of the pelvic diaphragm.

Answer 17

the levator ani