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Biology IGCSE > 2: Organisation of the organism > Flashcards

2: Organisation of the organism Flashcards

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1
Q

Describe the structure of a plant cell

A

Cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, ribosomes, mitochondria, vacuoles

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2
Q

Describe the structure of an animal cell

A

Cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, ribosomes, mitochondria,

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3
Q

What is the difference between structures of a plant and animal cell?

A

Animal cells do not have chloroplasts, vacuoles, and a cell wall

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4
Q

Describe the structure of a bacterial cell

A

Cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, circular DNA, plasmids

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5
Q

What is the function of a cell wall?

A
  • stops cells from bursting when they fill with water
  • gives shape to cells
  • allows water and dissolves substances to pass through freely
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6
Q

What is the function of a cell membrane?

A
  • forms a barrier between the cell and its surroundings
  • keeps contents of cell inside
  • allows simple substances to enter and leave the cell (e.g. o2, co2 and h2o)
  • controls movement of other substances in and out of the cell (e.g. glucose)
  • often described as partially permeable
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7
Q

What is the function of a nucleus?

A

contains cell DNA in form of chromosones which codes for proteins = controls activities and cell division

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8
Q

What is the function of cytoplasm?

A

jelly-like material WITHIN cell in which reactions occur & contains organelles (enclosed by cell membrane)

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9
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts?

A

site of photosynthesis, allows plants to converts light energy to glucose

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10
Q

What is the function of ribosomes & RER?

A

surrounds nucleus + ribosomes are attached. ribsomes ARE THE SIGHT for protein syntheis

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11
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A

site of respiration & provides energy to function

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12
Q

What is the function of a vacuole?

A

fluid-filled sac (containing salts, sugars & amino acids), which helps maintain shape & firmness of cell

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13
Q

What is the function of circular DNA?

A

contains the cells’ DNA in the form of a circular loop of DNA (bacterial chromosone) -> controls cell division and development and controls the activities of the cell

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14
Q

What is the function of plasmids?

A

small rings of DNA -> contains a few genes for chemicals that might help bacterial survival, eg, antibiotic resistance genes

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15
Q

What happens during the division of existing cells?

A

New cells are produced

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16
Q

What is the function of ciliated cells?

A

The movement of mucus in the trachea and the bronchi

17
Q

What is the function of root hair cells?

A

Absorption

18
Q

What is the function of palisade mesophyll cells?

A

Photosynthesis

19
Q

What is the function of neurones?

A

Conduction of electrical impulses

20
Q

What is the function of red blood cells?

A

Transport of oxygen

21
Q

What is the function of sperm and egg cells (gametes)?

A

Reproduction

22
Q

What is a cell?

A

It makes up all living organisms and the tissues of the body

23
Q

What is a tissue?

A

Many cells with similar structures working together and performing the same (shared) function

24
Q

What is an organ?

A

Several tissues working together to perform specific functions

25
Q

What is an organ system?

A

A group of organs with related functions working together in order to perform a particular body function

26
Q

What is an organism?

A

A collection of organ systems working together

27
Q

What is the formula for magnification?

A

M = image size / actual size

28
Q

What is the conversion between mm and micrometers?

A

1000 micrometers = 1mm

Biology IGCSE (13 decks)

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