2. Organic Reactions Flashcards
Alkene + Halogen –> CH2=CH2+ Br2
di-halogenoalkane (CH2BrCH2Br) -called Halogenation Roomtemp in the dark
Alkene + Hydrogen halide –> CH2=CH2+ HCl
halogenoalkane (CH3CH2Cl) Normal conditions
Alkene + Hydrogen –> CH2=CH2 +H2
Alkane (CH3CH3) - Called hydrogenation Catalyst: Nickel High temp 150 degrees , High Pressure
Alkene + steam –> CH2=CH2 +H2O
Alcohol(CH3CH2OH) - Hydration Catalyst: H3PO4 High temp , High Pressure
addition Polymerisation
(200deg,highpressure)Free radical catalyst which causes the double bond to break and create a R-Alkane* (dot) this radical then breaks more double bond to extend the chain ( use a ziegler natta catalyst to get denser polymers with longer chains)
Free radical to create halogenoalkanes
Uv radiation creates halogen free radicals these then bond with a H from the alkane a (or the other halogen radical but not in the mechanism) diatomic halogen then splits and one halogen joins the alkane. can be repeated to get di, tri etc
Hydrolysis of halogenoalkane (nucleophilic substitution)
the halogen atom is replaced by the hydrokide ion and forms a halide ion.
TEsting the rate of hydrolysis in a halogenoalkane.
hga is heated with aq silver nitrate and ethanol(to disolve everything) water has to be used as OH- would react with the AgNO3 . C-I is fastest , C-Cl slowest
Form a Keytone from a alcohol.
Reflux, Excess [O]
Form a carboxylic acid from a alcohol.
Reflux, Excess [O]
Form a aldehyde from a alcohol.
Distillation, 1:1 ration for [O] and alcohol, add one drop of [O] one at a time to the alcohol
Elimination (dehydration) of an alcohol.
Alcohol —> alkene + water Heat, Concentrates sulfuric acid catalyst . Reflux
Esterification.
Alcohol + Carboxylic acid —> ester +water reflux, conc sulfuric acid catalyst,warm.
Esterification.
Alcohol + Carboxylic acid —> ester +water reflux, conc sulfuric acid catalyst,warm.
