2: Ocular trauma Flashcards

(38 cards)

1
Q

Where do the majority of eye injuries occur?

A

At work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some mechanisms of eye injury?

A

Blunt force trauma

Penetrating injuries

Burns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What must be recorded before examining the eyes of someone with an injury?

A

Visual acuity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How is the eye examined?

A

Front to back

lids, conjunctiva, cornea, anterior segment, pupils, fundus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What dye is used to examine the eyes?

What colour does it turn under blue light?

A

Fluorscein

green

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q
  1. History is key
  2. Visual acuity
  3. Fluorescein
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What type of fracture can be caused by orbital trauma?

A

Orbital blowout fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What sign is produced on a CT head by an orbital blowout fracture?

A

Tear drop sign

prolapse of fat into maxillary sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which walls of the orbit are most commonly damaged by orbital blowout fractures?

Which muscle is commonly trapped?

A

Medial and inferior walls

Inferior rectus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What sign is caused by inferior rectus entrapment in an orbital blowout fracture?

What symptom does this cause?

A

Inability to ELEVATE affected eye because muscle is trapped (contracted)

Diplopia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of bleeding is caused by blunt force trauma?

A

Subconjunctival haemorrhage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What should you be suspicious of in all traumatic eye injuries involving significant force?

A

Globe rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is traumatic uveitis?

A

Inflammation caused by proteins released by traumatic injury

think also: sympathetic ophthalmia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is blood in the anterior chamber called?

What does it indicate?

What is pus in the anterior chamber called?

A

Hyphaema

Significant intraocular injury

Hypopyon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What’s this?

A

Dislocated lens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What’s this?

A

Retinal detachment

17
Q

What’s this?

18
Q

What is commotio retinae?

A

Bruised retina

19
Q

What name is given to a bruised retina?

A

Commotio retinae

20
Q

What is a laceration?

A

Deep cut/tear in surface

21
Q

Corneal lacerations cause a communication between the outside world and the eye.

What can this cause?

What sign is produced on fluorescein staining?

A

Infection

Seidel test (aqueous fluid passes through communication and dilutes the fluroscein)

22
Q

In what situation may the pupil become teardrop shaped?

A

Corneal laceration

Iris acts like omentum in Crohn’s, plugging the injury

23
Q

What is the Seidel test?

A

Dilution of fluorescein

Caused by corneal laceration, aqueous fluid passing through communication

24
Q

What autoimmune disease causes bilateral granulomatous uveitis in response to trauma in one eye?

What may it result in if untreated?

A

Sympathetic ophthalmia

Total blindness

25
What part of the anterior eye must be examined for foreign bodies?
**Underneath upper lids** eye-e sub-tarsal
26
What will occur if residual metal is left in the cornea?
**Rust ring**
27
What medication is usually used for corneal abrasions / foreign bodies? What are the two benefits of this?
**Chloramphenicol drops QDS for a week** Antibacterial and moisturising
28
What investigation should be done to find intraocular foreign bodies?
**X-ray orbits**
29
**(Acids / alkalis)** cause more damage to the eye. Why?
**Alkalis** Rapidly penetrate, severely burn and cause scarring Acid burns are self-limiting
30
Where are stem cells found in the eye?
**Limbus**
31
**Alkali burns** cause limbal \_\_\_. Why is this so serious?
**limbal ischaemia** only source of stem cells
32
Is the cornea usually vascularised?
**No** so corneal vascularisation is a sign of serious injury
33
What two common chemicals are very alkaline and can cause chemical burns?
**Lime** **Cement**
34
How are chemical burns treated?
**Toxbase** **pH paper** **Slit lamp assessment**
35
How do you treat lime / cement burns?
**Physically remove** DON'T IRRIGATE because they create alkaline solutions which will make things worse
36
How are chemical burns treated?
**Irrigate with at least 2L of saline** Keep checking pH throughout
37
A high percentage of eye injuries are \_\_\_.
**preventable**
38
How are eye injuries prevented?
**Safe practice** - goggles, training, guidelines ## Footnote **Education**