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Mood Disorders > 2) Neuro-Biology of Depression > Flashcards

2) Neuro-Biology of Depression Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the frontal lobe?

A

Motor
Speech (Broca’s area)
Behaviour with temporal lobe

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2
Q

What are the functions of the parietal lobe?

A

Sensory
Understanding language (Wernicke’s area)
Orientation
Recognition and construction

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3
Q

What are the functions of the temporal lobe?

A

Auditory
Memory
Emotion and behaviour

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4
Q

What are the functions of the occipital lobe?

A

Vision

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5
Q

What areas of the brain are indicated in depression?

A

Prefrontal cortex

Limbic system

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6
Q

What are the functions of the limbic system?

A

Emotion
Motivation
Memory

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7
Q

What are the functions of the amygdala?

A

Conditioning and emotion processing

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8
Q

What are some imaging techniques used to view the brain?

A

MRI
fMRI
SPECT
PET

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9
Q

What changes are seen on MRI in depression?

A

White matter changes

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10
Q

What changes are seen in the hippocampus in depression?

A

Hippocampal volume reduced

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11
Q

What does a fMRI measure?

A

Difference in oxygen rich and poor blood flow to measure neuronal activity

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12
Q

What changes are found by a fMRI in depression?

A

Amygdala and cingulate gyrus signals are abnormal

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13
Q

What do PET and SPET scans measure and how?

A

Use of gamma emitting radio-isotopes that connect to certain structures in the brain.
Measure blood flow, brain activity and receptors

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14
Q

What does malfunction of the prefrontal areas of the brain during depression lead to?

A

Enhanced sensitivity to pain, anxiety and depressive ruminations
Psychomotor retardation
Dysregulation of emotional control

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15
Q

Describe the changes to the HPA axis in depression:

A

Cortisol high

Dysregulation may be related to hippocampal atrophy

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16
Q

Describe the changes in the thyroid hormone pathway during depression:

A

TSH response to TRH is blunted

Thyroxine sometimes used in depression

17
Q

Describe the changes to cytokines in depression and what symptoms this can cause:

A

Over activity of cytokines leading to: fatigue, loss of appetite, loss of libido and hypersensitivity to pain

18
Q

What is BDNF and what is its role?

A

Brain derived neuro-trophic factor

Cell maintenance and plasticity of brain (form new connections)

19
Q

How does BDNF change in depression?

A

Low levels, can affect limbic system

20
Q

What are the changes to sleep patterns in depression?

A

Reduced REM sleep latency

Early morning waking

Mood Disorders (13 decks)

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