2: Name that STI Flashcards
Characterized by a widespread, symmetrical maculopapular rash on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet and generalized lymphadenopathy. The woman may also experience fever, headache, and malaise. Condylomata lata (wart-like lesions) may develop on the vulva, perineum, or anus.
Syphilis (Secondary)
May develop enlarged unilateral or bilateral inguinal nodes known as buboes.
Chancroid
Infectious for life.
HIV
Cardiovascular (chest pain, cough), dermatologic (multiple nodules or ulcers; see Color Plate 26C), skeletal (arthritis, myalgia, myositis), and neurologic (headache, irritability, impaired balance, memory loss, tremor) symptoms can all develop in this stage.
Syphilis (Tertiary)
It is more infectious than HIV and hepatitis C virus.
Hep B
Viral shedding without symptoms occurs during latency.
Herpes
Lesions begin as vesicles and progress rapidly to ulcerated lesions.
Herpes
Caused by a spirochete.
Syphilis
2nd most commonly reported bacterial STI.
Gonorrhea
Characterized by a primary lesion, or a chancre, which often begins as a painless papule at the site of inoculation and then erodes to form a nontender, shallow, indurated, clean ulcer that is several millimeters to a few centimeters in size.
Syphilis (Primary)
Prophylaxis with immune globulin is not effective in preventing infection after exposure.
Hep C
The prevalence is six times higher in black women than in white women.
Chlamydia
Lesions most commonly seen around the vaginal introitus.
HPV
The most serious complication is PID.
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
Growths can be flat, papular, or pedunculated.
HPV
Primary cause of genital ulcer disease in the US.
Herpes
Infection will become chronic in more than 75% of patients.
Hep C
Sexually active adolescents and women aged 15 to 24 years of age have nearly three times the prevalence as women aged 25 and 39 years, and women are infected at a rate of two times that of men.
Chlamydia
The most common STI in the US.
HPV
Infection can be vaginal, anal, or oral. When oral, symptoms are similar to strep.
Gonorrhea
A group of double-stranded DNA viruses with more than 100 known serotypes.
HPV
When symptoms are present, they are often less specific than the symptoms in men. Women may report dyspareunia, a change in vaginal discharge, unilateral labial pain and swelling, or lower abdominal discomfort. Later in the infection’s course, women may describe a history of purulent, irritating vaginal discharge, or rectal pain and discharge. Menstrual irregularities may be the presenting symptom, with longer, more painful menses being noted. Women may also report chronic or acute lower abdominal pain. Unilateral labial pain and swelling may indicate Bartholin’s gland infection (see Chapter 19), whereas periurethral pain and swelling may indicate inflamed Skene’s glands. Infrequently, dysuria, vague abdominal pain, or low backache prompts women to seek care. Later symptoms may include fever (possibly high), nausea, vomiting, joint pain and swelling, or upper abdominal pain (liver involvement).
Gonorrhea
The most commonly reported nationally notifiable infection in the United States and the most common bacterial STI.
Chlamydia
Infrequent STI with bumps with pit/dimple in center. Usually painless. Spread through skin-to-skin contact.
Molluscum
Present with history of a painful macule on the external genitalia that rapidly changes to a pustule and then to an ulcerated lesion.
Chancroid
The most common chronic blood-borne infection in the US.
Hep C
Rates are highest among black women.
Syphilis
Can cause genital warts or cancer.
HPV
Recurrent, incurable viral infection characterized by painful vesicular eruptions of the skin and mucosa of the genitals.
Herpes
1st episode lasts approximately 3 weeks. Recurrent infx last 7-10 days.
Herpes
Inflammation of the vulva, vagina, or both may be present, and the woman may have irritation, pruritus, dysuria, or dyspareunia. Typically, the discharge worsens during and after menstruation.
Trichomoniasis
Caused by an anaerobic one-celled protozoan with characteristic flagellae.
Trichomoniasis
Initial presentation can include systemic and local symptoms (flu-like symptoms).
Herpes
Symptoms include arthralgias, fatigue, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, clay-colored stools, dark urine, and jaundice.
Hep B
Hep C
Most infections are asymptomatic, subclinical, and clear spontaneously.
HPV
Characterized by periods of active and latent infection.
Herpes
Syphilis
Caused by a single-stranded RNA virus.
Hep C
The surface antigen has been found in blood, saliva, sweat, tears, wound exudate, vaginal secretions, and semen.
Hep B
Main symptom is itching.
Pediculosis (Lice)
Organism most commonly lives in vagina in women and urethra in men.
Trichomoniasis
Chronic infection is most prevalent in the 1945-1965 birth cohort.
Hep C
During physical exam, look at the skin and conjunctiva for jaundice. Palpate the liver for enlargement and tenderness. Weight loss, fever, and general debilitation should be noted, as well.
Hep B
Infection is caused by a large DNA virus, and is associated with three antigens and their antibodies.
Hep B
Typically lesions present as small, soft, papillary swellings, occurring singularly or in clusters on the genital or anal-rectal region.
HPV
Infection that primarily affects the liver.
Hep B
HIV infection causes increased risk for this infection. Estimated more than 50% of women with HIV are infected with this.
Trichomoniasis
Infection can be on the head, body/clothing, or pubic area.
Pediculosis (Lice)
Can survive outside the body for at least 7 days.
Hep B
Single or multiple soft, fleshy, papillary, or sessile painless, keratinized growths around vulvovaginal area, penis, anus, urethra, or perineum. May be on wall of vagina/cervix.
HPV
An uncommon genital ulcer.
Chancroid
Symptoms are nonspecific and can include: fever, malaise, rash, myalgias, lymphadenopathy, sore throat, and headache.
HIV
Rates are highest among men, due to an increase in men who have sex with men, esp ages 20-29.
Syphilis
Must wash all bedding, towels, and clothing in hot water and dry thoroughly on hot cycle.
Pediculosis (Lice)
Leading cause of liver transplants in the US.
Hep C
S/S mimic: upper respiratory infections, including influenza and tuberculosis, and viral infections, including mononucleosis.
HIV
Infection is caused by a parasite.
Pediculosis (Lice)
Painful necrotic pustules on an erythematous base, approximately 1 mm to 2 cm in diameter.
Disseminated Gonococcal Infection (DGI)
Cervix may have “strawberry spots” or tiny petechiae, esp after prolonged infection.
Trichomoniasis
Most commonly caused by chlamydia and gonorrhea.
PID
This is a risk for vertical HIV transmission.
Trichomoniasis
Genital ulcer disease caused by Gram-negative bacillus.
Chancroid
Risk factor includes insertion of IUD within the last month.
PID
Occurs in the upper female genital tract and includes any combination of endometritis, salpingitis, tubo-ovarian abscess, and pelvic peritonitis.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)
Yellow to greenish, frothy, mucopurulent, copious, malodorous discharge.
Trichomoniasis
Caused by chlamydia trachomatis 30% of the time, other causes are trich, mycoplasma genitalium, HSV.
Nongonococcal Urethritis (NGU)
Active lesions necessitate a c-section.
Herpes
More than 40 serotypes that can infect the genital tract.
HPV
Physical exam may find abdominal guarding (or other symptoms of PID), cervical friability, mucopurulent discharge, cervical motion tenderness, adnexal fullness, uterine tenderness.
Chlamydia (and PID)
Single or multiple vesicular, PRURITIC lesions, appearing anywhere on the genitalia. Vesicular lesions, spontaneously rupture to form shallow painful ulcers.
Herpes
