1: Contraception Mechanism of Action

Question 1

A shallow dome-shaped cup that is inserted in the vagina to cover the cervix as a physical barrier.

Answer 1

Diaphragms

Question 2

Attack sperm and reduce motility.

Answer 2

Spermicides

Question 3

Suckling increases prolactin levels, which in turn inhibit ovulation.

Answer 3

Lactational Amenorrhea (Breastfeeding)

Question 4

The local delivery of progestin produces:

• Thickening of the cervical mucus.
• Endometrial reaction.
• Foreign body reaction.

Answer 4

Progestin / Levonorgestrel (Mirena, Skyla, Liletta)

Question 5

Prevent ovulation.

Answer 5

1. Lactational amenorrhea
2. COCs
3. Patch
4. Ring
5. Progestin Injection
6. Progestin Implant
7. Emergency contraceptive pills

Question 6

Permanently blocking the fallopian tubes, which prevents sperm from ascending the reproductive tract and thereby meeting and fertilizing an egg released from the ovary.

Answer 6

Female Sterilization

Question 7

Cuplike devices that cover the cervix. Smaller than diaphragms, they maintain their position over the cervix by suction, adhering to the cervix, or via a design that uses vaginal walls for support. Provides barrier to cervix.

Answer 7

Cervical Caps

Question 8

Stop sperm from exiting penis.

Answer 8

1. Abstinence
2. Male Sterilization

Question 9

• Prevents ovulation
• Suppresses levels of FSH and LH
• Eliminates LH surge
• Inhibits GnRH pulsality
• Thickens and decreases cervical mucus

Answer 9

Depo-Provera

Question 10

The active ingredients rapidly diffuse across the mucous membrane and reach a steady state in the serum. Suppresses ovulation, cervical mucus viscosity increased and endometrial lining thinned.

Answer 10

Vaginal Ring (NuvaRing)

Question 11

• Progestin:
  
  • Inhibits ovulatio via suppression of gonadotropin (hypothalamus) and LH surge (pituitary).
  • Inhibits sperm activity by thickening cervical mucus to prevent sperm entry.
• Estrogen:
  
  • Decreases folliculogenesis by suppressing release of FSH from pituitary.

Answer 11

1. Combined Oral Contraception (COCs)
2. Emergency Contraception (MoA of Copper IUD is via foreign body irritation)

Question 12

Kill sperm.

Answer 12

Copper IUD

Question 13

When moistened, gradually releases 125 to 150 mg of spermicide over 24 hours of use. Its primary contraceptive effectiveness derives from the gradual release of spermicide, but it also provides a physical barrier to the cervix and absorbs semen.

Answer 13

Vaginal Sponges

Question 14

• A sterile inflammatory response that has spermicidal effects d/t having foreign body in the reproductive tract.
• Kills sperm.
• Impairs implantation.

Answer 14

Copper IUD (T380A, Paragard)

Question 15

Provide a barrier to the cervix by thickening cervical mucus.

Answer 15

1. POPs
2. Levonorgestrel IUDs
3. Progestin Implants
4. Progestin Subdermal (Depo-Provera)

Question 16

Cuts or blocks both the right and left vas deferens.

Answer 16

Male Sterilization

Question 17

Interrupts tubes so ovum cannot travel through them.

Answer 17

Female sterilization

Question 18

Prevents ovulation by:

• Thickening and decreasing amt of cervical mucus preventing sperm penetration.
• Reduces activity of fallopian cilia which may prevent introduction of sperm and egg.
• Alters endometrium which may inhibit implantation.

Answer 18

1. Progestin-Only Pills (POPs)
2. Progestin Implant

Question 19

Prevent deposit of sperm into vagina.

Answer 19

1. Coitus interruptus
2. Male/female condoms

Question 20

Suppresses gonadotropin and prevents ovulation, thickens cervical mucus to prevent sperm penetration, changes endometrial lining to prevent implantation

Answer 20

The Patch (OrthoEvra [discountinued], Xulane)

Question 21

Provide a physical barrier to the cervix.

Answer 21

1. Cervical cap
2. Diaphragm
3. Sponge