2 - microbiology Flashcards
what are exanthems?
visible outward rash + systemic symptoms
what virus should you think of when erythematous exanthem that start on face?
measles (BIG ONE)
- also rubella, erythema infectiousum
what virus should you think of if erythematous exanthem that start on trunk?
roseola & scarlet fever
what virus should you think of if papulo-vesicular exanthems?
chickenpox
what is a notifiable disease?
disease that you have legal requirement to report to public health if you suspect
what is vaccine?
weak or dead bacteria injected so antibodies made
what bug is skin commensal, why relevant?
staph epidermidis (coagulase negative) is skin commensal
- relevant as if in question of skin infection, will not be staph epidermidis coag negative since commensal
how does scarlet fever present and what organism causes?
- sore throat, swollen neck glands, rash feels like sandpaper, red cheeks, strawberry tongue
- caused by group A strep
what is cellulitis presentation? what is it?
it’s infection of lower dermis & subcutaneous fat
- presents red, hot, painful ,shiny skin
- ill defined margins, fever, rigors, nausea
what is bug causing cellulitis?
strep pyogenes or staph aureus
what is management of cellulitis?
general = rest, elevation, analgesia & splint
antibiotics = fluxloxacillin
what is impetigo? what bugs cause?
= highly infectious superficial skin infection affecting kids
- staph aureus & strep pyogenes
what is presentation of impetigo?
well defined lesions with honey coloured golden crust & erythematous base
what is management of impetigo?
topical fusidic acid or if severe then flucloxacillin
what is erysipelas? what bug? presentation? treatment?
superficial version of cellulitis, caused by strep pyogenes
- presents = well demarcated, erythematous plaque
- flucloxacillin
what is necrotizing fasciitis? what bugs?
rapidly progressing infection making extensive necrosis of superficial fascia & subcutaneous fat = can be life threatening
- all bugs can cause
what is clinical presentation of necrotizing fasciitis?
- systemic like fever, chills
- diffuse erythema (often people first suspect cellulitis)
- disproportionate pain (excruciating pain but can’t see much)
- crepitus
- purple skin discolouration
what is treatment of necrotising fasciitis?
= surgical debridement, big cuts
- also give antibiotics
what is tinea?
= ringworm (fungal infection)
what is erythema infectiosum?
slapped cheek, from parvovirus B19 = reticular lacy rash
what is varicella zoster?
= chicken pox - crusted over lesions, itchy
- shingles is reactivation of this
what are different tinea infection types? - different areas of body
- tinea capitis = scalp
- tinea barbae = beard
- tinea corporis = body
- tinea manum = hand
- tinea ungium = nails
- tinea cruris = groin
- tinea pedis = foot
what is common area for candida infection?
= under breasts female, groin in male, nappy area in baby
what is treatment of candida?
clotrimazole cream and oral fluconazole
what is common area and presentation of scabies? treatment?
- finger webs, wrist, genitals
treat with malathion (permethrin cream 5%)
