2. Memory Flashcards
Who made the multi-store model?
Atkinson and Shiffrin
What did Atkinson and Shiffrin make?
multi-store model of memory
What did the multi-store model suggest?
Memory is made up of three components:
- Sensory register (SR)
- short‐term memory (STM)
- long‐term memory (LTM).
Memories are formed sequentially and information passes from one component to the next, in a linear fashion.
What sections is the multi-store model separated into?
sensory register (SR),
short‐term memory (STM)
long‐term memory (LTM).
What does coding mean in the context of memory?
Refers to the way in which information is changed and stored in memory.
What does duration mean in the context of memory?
Refers to the length of time that information is held in the memory store
What does capacity mean in the context of memory?
Refers to the amount of information that can be stored.
Explain the multi-store model
- Information enters the sensory register via our senses.
- You must pay attention to this information to go into short term.
- Information that is attended to is passed to STM.
- Here you must rehearse the information so you can remember it.
- Thereafter, rehearsed information is transferred to LTM.
- This can be retrieved from the LTM to use in the STM.
- If any of the steps above are not done then the information will be forgotten by decay or displaced.
What is the capacity of the sensory register?
Unknown, but very large
What is the capacity of the STM?
Limited 7+- 2 chunks of information
Who did the study into STM capacity?
Jacobs (1997)
and
Miller (1956)
What is the capacity of the LTM?
Unlimited In theory as long as you are living.
What is the duration of Sensory Registers?
Very limited 250ms to 0.5s
What is the duration of STM?
Limited 18 - 30 seconds
Who investigated the duration capacity of STM?
Peterson and Peterson 1959
What is the duration of LTM?
Lifelime / years
Who investigated the duration capacity of LTM?
Bahrick 1975
What type of coding does the sensory register follow?
Raw / unprocessed information from all 5 senses
What type of coding does the STM follow?
Acoustic (sound)
What type of coding does the LTM follow?
Semantic (meaning)
What did Miller research support?
Supporting the idea that our STM has a capacity of 7 +- 2 chunks of information
What does Baddeley’s research support?
Supports the notion of different types of encoding in STM and LTM.
What does Peterson and Peterson research support?
Support the idea of a limited duration in STM.
What does Bahrick research support?
Supports the idea of an unlimited duration in LTM