2. Longitudinal, Transverse, and Local Stresses Flashcards
Longitudinal Stress
Stress that occurs along the length of a ship due to its movement in water and wave actions.
Transverse Stress
Stress that acts across the width of a ship, affecting its structural integrity side to side.
Local Stress
Stress concentrated in a small area of a ship’s structure, often due to specific loading conditions or structural weaknesses.
Shear Stress
A type of stress caused by forces acting parallel to the area resisting the force, significant in areas where structural components connect.
Bending Moment
The force inducing bending around a point or axis, crucial in understanding how a ship’s hull may flex in rough seas.
Torsional Stress
Twisting stress acting on a ship’s structure, particularly affecting the hull when navigating through heavy seas.
Compressive Stress
Stress that compresses or shortens the material it acts upon, common in the lower hull sections under weight loads.
Tensile Stress
Stress that pulls and potentially elongates the material, such as the hull structure being stretched under wave impacts.
Neutral Axis
An imaginary line passing through the centroid of the cross-section of a beam or other member, where the stress and strain are zero.
Section Modulus
A geometric property for a given cross-section used in designing beams and structural members to resist bending and shear.
Fatigue Stress
Stress that accumulates over time due to repeated loading cycles, leading to potential failure points in ship structures.
Buckling
The sudden failure of a structural member subjected to high compressive stress, causing it to bend or collapse.
Yield Point
The stress at which a material begins to deform plastically and will not return to its original shape when the stress is removed.
Ultimate Strength
The maximum stress a material can withstand while being stretched or pulled before failing.
Impact Stress
Stress exerted by a collision or sudden force impact, affecting the structural integrity of the impacted area.
Cyclic Loading
Repeated application of load or force, which can lead to fatigue and eventual material failure.
Elastic Limit
The maximum stress that a material can withstand without undergoing permanent deformation.
Plastic Deformation
Permanent deformation that occurs after a material has exceeded its elastic limit.
Strain Hardening
The process by which a metal becomes harder and stronger through plastic deformation.
Creep
Slow, permanent deformation of a material under a constant load over time.
Stress Concentration
A location in an object where stress is concentrated, often due to abrupt changes in shape or size of the part.
Corrosion Fatigue
Degradation of a material due to the combined action of cyclic stress and a corrosive environment.
Thermal Stress
Stress induced in a material due to changes in temperature, which can lead to expansion or contraction.
Flexural Strength
The ability of a material to resist deformation under load.
