2. Lecture: TAPEWORMS: Echinococcosis

Question 1

E.granulosus (EG): hosts, metacestode and its morphology?

Answer 1

hosts: FH: dog, wolf, IH: sheep, goat cattle, horse, pigs, corvids, humans
morphology: hydatid cyst, cysts in liver and lungs mainly >UNILOCULAR CYST (EG)

Question 2

E. multilocularis: hosts, metacestode and its morphology?

Answer 2

hosts: FH-red and polar foxes, wolf, dog, cat : IH: mice, rats, small mammals, human, monkey, horse, pig, dog
metacestode: Alveococcus -small cyst with jelly like filling > MULTIVESICULAR CYST (EM)

Question 3

main morphological difference between these 2 species: size and number of proglottids?

Answer 3

-EG: unilocular cyst 1-15cm in diameter- HYDATID CYST - large , fluid-filled complex cyst several protoscolicies , later daughter cysts - 1 proglottis
-EM:multivesicular cyst 1mm-3cm diameter - metacestode Alveococcus jelly like filling, small , exogenic budding new daughter cysts (zoonotic)-carnivore shed proglottids-multi more proglottids

Question 4

life cycle simply

Answer 4

-EG: domestic animal cycle
EM: sylvatic /wildlife cycle

Question 5

epidemiology: how long are eggs viable, but what are they sensitive to and at what temperature are they destroyed?

Answer 5

-egg remain infective up to 1 year in MOIST envi at low temp and freezing temperatures
-sensitive to desiccation-0%humidity and to very high and low temp

Question 6

what do disease symptoms in IH depend on and which organ function is usually affected by cyst growth in IH?

Answer 6

depend on number, location , size, growth rate of cysts! cysts grow endlessly.
-lung and liver functionality affected
(EM liver
EG liver and lung)

Question 7

does FH usually show signs of disease?

Answer 7

seldom or no signs

Question 8

methods of diagnosis of taeniosis and echinococcosis : why is flotation method alone not suitable for detection and diagnosis of echinococcosis and taenosis eggs in FH?

Answer 8

-eggs faeces, antibodies from serum, necropsy-investigating intestinal content > ELISA better > eggs inside proglottids usually not found

Question 9

why is it necessary to do an additional copra DNA (PCR) analysis?

Answer 9

adult worm is unlikely to be seen at autopsy as it is very small and has its anterior end buried in intestinal wall

Question 10

how to diagnose disease in an IH?

Answer 10

imaging; UH, CT, MRI, X-ray, finding antibodies from serum> PM diagnose > life-animals difficult

Question 11

treatment method for taenosis and echinococcosis: why is it necessary to treat echinococcosis in FH in quarantine and what is included in it ?

Answer 11

praziquantel ; 3 days thus adult taeniae and echinococcus come out from intestine > can contaminate envi > removal of faeces, wash dog, Clean envi , wear protective clothing ZOONOTIC

Question 12

treatment methods in IH?

Answer 12

human-radical surgery: removal of cyst, PAIR (puncture, aspiration, injection, reaspiration)

Question 13

how often should dog/cat that eats raw meat and lives in echinococosis endemic area be treated for echinoc.?

Answer 13

treat 4-12 times a year against roundworm and tapeworm

Question 14

preventive measures of teniosis and echinoccosis in humans and animals?

Answer 14

cook meat, NO RAW MEAT DOGS OR CATS, PREVENT DOG AND CAT CONTACT WITH FARM ANIMALS, good hygiene, avoid wild animals