2: Hearing Loss Characteristics

Question 1

The minimum audibility curve is also called the:

Answer 1

Threshold

Question 2

The threshold of feeling is the _______ _____ _______ and is also called (2 things):

Answer 2

Loudest sound tolerable

1) loudness discomfort level
2) uncomfortable loudness level

Question 3

Hearing loss makes the threshold move ___, but the _________ __ ______ doesn’t, so the auditory response area (aka _______ _____) becomes ______

Answer 3

Up
Threshold of feeling
Dynamic range
Smaller

Question 4

The effect of HL depends on what 5 characteristics of the HL?

Answer 4

1) type
2) degree
3) configuration
4) word recognition ability
5) time of onset

Question 5

What are the three categorization of HL?

Answer 5

1) type
2) degree
3) configuration

Question 6

What are the three types of HL?

Answer 6

1) conductive
2) sensorineural
3) mixed

Question 7

Which hearing loss type is associated with conductive portions of the ear?

Answer 7

Conductive

Question 8

Which hearing loss type is associated with pathologies of the inner ear and central auditory pathways?

Answer 8

Sensorineural

Question 9

Which type of hearing loss is associated with problems in the outer/middle ear and the inner/CAP?

Answer 9

Mixed

Question 10

Typically conductive hearing loss

1) where?
2) fixable?
3) maximum conductive loss?
4) amp?

Answer 10

1) outer/middle ear
2) medically correctable
3) wont exceed 60 dB
4) responds very well to amplification

Question 11

What are 5 examples of pathologies that lead to conductive HL?

Answer 11

1) cerumen occlusion
2) atresia of the external auditory canal
3) tympanic membrane perforation
4) ossicular abnormalities
5) otitis media

Question 12

On an audiogram what does conductive HL look like?

Answer 12

Normal bone conduction thresholds

Abnormal air conduction thresholds

Question 13

Individuals with which type of hearing loss aren’t in large number for AUDs and SLPs caseloads?

Answer 13

Conductive

Question 14

After conductive HL is identified, the patient is usually sent for ________ treatment, but if this is not possible or needs to be waited for, the patient will need:

Answer 14

Medical

AR

Question 15

Conductive losses ________ sounds as the pass through the affected area

Answer 15

Attenuate

Question 16

What are some reasons a conductive HL may attenuate sound?

Answer 16

1) blocked by cerumen, fluid, or congenital atresia

2) TM perforation or disarticulated ossicular chain

Question 17

Why do patients with conductive HL do well with hearing aids?

Answer 17

They dont have sensorineural issues, once you bypass the outer/middle ear the inner ear functions normally

Question 18

Which type of hearing loss is related to problems of the inner ear and/or central auditory pathways?

Answer 18

Sensorineural

Question 19

Sensorineural HL is usually _________ and not __________ _________

Answer 19

Permanent

Medically correctable

Question 20

In sensorineural HL are sounds attenuated, distorted, or both?

Answer 20

Both

Question 21

Which type of sensorineural hearing loss might not always be permanent?

Answer 21

If its due to medications (goes away after stopping that medication)

Question 22

What are 5 examples of pathologies that can cause sensorineural HL?

Answer 22

1) presbycusis
2) noise exposure
3) otoxicity
4) congenital malformations of the inner ear
5) pre- or post-natal viral infections

Question 23

On an audiogram, what does a sensorineural hearing loss look like?

Answer 23

Abnormal bone conduction thresholds
Abnormal air conduction thresholds
No air-bone gap

Question 24

Because sensorineural HL involves the cochlea/CN/central auditory pathways the ___________ of sound is affected

Answer 24

Processing

Question 25

In sensorineural HL, even if sounds are amplified the may not be ______, which means:

Answer 25

Clear | They likely need more AR than those with conductive HL

Question 26

Which type of HL is a combination of conductive and sensorineural systems being impaired?

Answer 26

Mixed

Question 27

Which types of HL impact thresholds and clarity?

Answer 27

Mixed | Sensorineural

Question 28

What does a mixed HL look like on an audiogram?

Answer 28

Abnormal bone conduction Abnormal air conduction Air-bone gap

Question 29

What is a neural hearing loss?

Answer 29

An HL with the problem localized to CN VIII

Question 30

A neural hearing loss has greater ______ _________ difficulties than would be expected based on audio metric thresholds

Answer 30

Speech perception

Question 31

Where is a central hearing loss?

Answer 31

Beyond CN VIII, in brainstem or brain

Question 32

With central hearing loss the ________ far outweighs the _________ _____

Answer 32

Disability | Hearing loss

Question 33

What does hard of hearing mean?

Answer 33

- born or acquired partial HL - acquire speech/language typically and communicate orally - may have SL issues

Question 34

What does deaf mean?

Answer 34

Individuals with hearing thresholds poorer than 90 dB

Question 35

What measurement can be used to summarize degree of hearing loss?

Answer 35

Pure tone average

Question 36

How do you calculate the PTA?

Answer 36

Average HL at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz

Question 37

Typically, greater degree of Hl means:

Answer 37

More difficulty hearing and greater need for AR

Question 38

AR services are dependent on not only degree of __________ but also on degree of ________ and ________ ___________ _______

Answer 38

Impairment | Disability and activity participation limits

Question 39

HL degree: difficulty hearing faint speech in noise

Answer 39

Minimal/slight

Question 40

HL degree: difficulty hearing faint or distant speech, even in quiet

Answer 40

Mild

Question 41

HL degree: hears conversational speech only at a close distance

Answer 41

Moderate

Question 42

HL degree: hears loud conversational speech

Answer 42

Moderately-Severe

Question 43

HL degree: cannot hear conversational speech

Answer 43

Severe

Question 44

HL degree: may hear some sounds

Answer 44

Profound

Question 45

Configuration of a HL can impact a persons _____________ skills

Answer 45

Communication

Question 46

Configuration of HL means the _____ or _______ of __________ across frequency

Answer 46

Shape or pattern | Thresholds

Question 47

HL configuration: thresholds are within 20 dB across the frequency range

Answer 47

Flat

Question 48

HL configuration: thresholds for low frequencies are at least 20 dB poorer than thresholds for high frequencies

Answer 48

Rising

Question 49

HL configuration: thresholds for high frequencies are at least 20 dB poorer than thresholds for low frequencies

Answer 49

Sloping

Question 50

HL configuration: thresholds change by 20 dB or more across octaves

Answer 50

Precipitous

Question 51

HL configuration: loss is restricted to low frequency thresholds

Answer 51

Low frequency

Question 52

HL configuration: loss is restricted to high frequency thresholds

Answer 52

High frequency

Question 53

HL configuration: loss characterized by one frequency that is significantly poorer than others (commonly seen at 4000 Hz due to noise exposure)

Answer 53

Notched

Question 54

HL configuration: poorest thresholds are in the mid-frequencies (give two names)

Answer 54

Saucer shaped | “Cookie bite”

Question 55

Cookie bite or saucer shaped HL is almost always _________

Answer 55

Congenital

Question 56

Complete this pairs of descriptors for HL: 1) congenital vs. 2) bilateral vs. 3) symmetrical vs. 4) sudden vs. 5) fluctuating vs.

Answer 56

1) acquired 2) unilateral 3) asymmetrical 4) progressive 5) stable

Question 57

In AR what do each of these three treatments help improve: 1) technology 2) auditory and speech reading training 3) speech and language development

Answer 57

1) audibility of speech sounds 2) auditory and visual skills 3) recognizing speech sounds