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Aural Rehab - EXAM 1 > 2: Hearing Loss Characteristics > Flashcards

2: Hearing Loss Characteristics Flashcards

1
Q

The minimum audibility curve is also called the:

A

Threshold

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2
Q

The threshold of feeling is the _______ _____ _______ and is also called (2 things):

A

Loudest sound tolerable

1) loudness discomfort level
2) uncomfortable loudness level

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3
Q

Hearing loss makes the threshold move ___, but the _________ __ ______ doesn’t, so the auditory response area (aka _______ _____) becomes ______

A

Up
Threshold of feeling
Dynamic range
Smaller

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4
Q

The effect of HL depends on what 5 characteristics of the HL?

A

1) type
2) degree
3) configuration
4) word recognition ability
5) time of onset

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5
Q

What are the three categorization of HL?

A

1) type
2) degree
3) configuration

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6
Q

What are the three types of HL?

A

1) conductive
2) sensorineural
3) mixed

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7
Q

Which hearing loss type is associated with conductive portions of the ear?

A

Conductive

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8
Q

Which hearing loss type is associated with pathologies of the inner ear and central auditory pathways?

A

Sensorineural

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9
Q

Which type of hearing loss is associated with problems in the outer/middle ear and the inner/CAP?

A

Mixed

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10
Q

Typically conductive hearing loss

1) where?
2) fixable?
3) maximum conductive loss?
4) amp?

A

1) outer/middle ear
2) medically correctable
3) wont exceed 60 dB
4) responds very well to amplification

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11
Q

What are 5 examples of pathologies that lead to conductive HL?

A

1) cerumen occlusion
2) atresia of the external auditory canal
3) tympanic membrane perforation
4) ossicular abnormalities
5) otitis media

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12
Q

On an audiogram what does conductive HL look like?

A

Normal bone conduction thresholds

Abnormal air conduction thresholds

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13
Q

Individuals with which type of hearing loss aren’t in large number for AUDs and SLPs caseloads?

A

Conductive

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14
Q

After conductive HL is identified, the patient is usually sent for ________ treatment, but if this is not possible or needs to be waited for, the patient will need:

A

Medical

AR

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15
Q

Conductive losses ________ sounds as the pass through the affected area

A

Attenuate

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16
Q

What are some reasons a conductive HL may attenuate sound?

A

1) blocked by cerumen, fluid, or congenital atresia

2) TM perforation or disarticulated ossicular chain

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17
Q

Why do patients with conductive HL do well with hearing aids?

A

They dont have sensorineural issues, once you bypass the outer/middle ear the inner ear functions normally

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18
Q

Which type of hearing loss is related to problems of the inner ear and/or central auditory pathways?

A

Sensorineural

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19
Q

Sensorineural HL is usually _________ and not __________ _________

A

Permanent

Medically correctable

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20
Q

In sensorineural HL are sounds attenuated, distorted, or both?

A

Both

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21
Q

Which type of sensorineural hearing loss might not always be permanent?

A

If its due to medications (goes away after stopping that medication)

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22
Q

What are 5 examples of pathologies that can cause sensorineural HL?

A

1) presbycusis
2) noise exposure
3) otoxicity
4) congenital malformations of the inner ear
5) pre- or post-natal viral infections

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23
Q

On an audiogram, what does a sensorineural hearing loss look like?

A

Abnormal bone conduction thresholds
Abnormal air conduction thresholds
No air-bone gap

24
Q

Because sensorineural HL involves the cochlea/CN/central auditory pathways the ___________ of sound is affected

A

Processing

25
Q

In sensorineural HL, even if sounds are amplified the may not be ______, which means:

A

Clear

They likely need more AR than those with conductive HL

26
Q

Which type of HL is a combination of conductive and sensorineural systems being impaired?

A

Mixed

27
Q

Which types of HL impact thresholds and clarity?

A

Mixed

Sensorineural

28
Q

What does a mixed HL look like on an audiogram?

A

Abnormal bone conduction
Abnormal air conduction
Air-bone gap

29
Q

What is a neural hearing loss?

A

An HL with the problem localized to CN VIII

30
Q

A neural hearing loss has greater ______ _________ difficulties than would be expected based on audio metric thresholds

A

Speech perception

31
Q

Where is a central hearing loss?

A

Beyond CN VIII, in brainstem or brain

32
Q

With central hearing loss the ________ far outweighs the _________ _____

A

Disability

Hearing loss

33
Q

What does hard of hearing mean?

A
  • born or acquired partial HL
  • acquire speech/language typically and communicate orally
  • may have SL issues
34
Q

What does deaf mean?

A

Individuals with hearing thresholds poorer than 90 dB

35
Q

What measurement can be used to summarize degree of hearing loss?

A

Pure tone average

36
Q

How do you calculate the PTA?

A

Average HL at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz

37
Q

Typically, greater degree of Hl means:

A

More difficulty hearing and greater need for AR

38
Q

AR services are dependent on not only degree of __________ but also on degree of ________ and ________ ___________ _______

A

Impairment

Disability and activity participation limits

39
Q

HL degree: difficulty hearing faint speech in noise

A

Minimal/slight

40
Q

HL degree: difficulty hearing faint or distant speech, even in quiet

A

Mild

41
Q

HL degree: hears conversational speech only at a close distance

A

Moderate

42
Q

HL degree: hears loud conversational speech

A

Moderately-Severe

43
Q

HL degree: cannot hear conversational speech

A

Severe

44
Q

HL degree: may hear some sounds

A

Profound

45
Q

Configuration of a HL can impact a persons _____________ skills

A

Communication

46
Q

Configuration of HL means the _____ or _______ of __________ across frequency

A

Shape or pattern

Thresholds

47
Q

HL configuration: thresholds are within 20 dB across the frequency range

A

Flat

48
Q

HL configuration: thresholds for low frequencies are at least 20 dB poorer than thresholds for high frequencies

A

Rising

49
Q

HL configuration: thresholds for high frequencies are at least 20 dB poorer than thresholds for low frequencies

A

Sloping

50
Q

HL configuration: thresholds change by 20 dB or more across octaves

A

Precipitous

51
Q

HL configuration: loss is restricted to low frequency thresholds

A

Low frequency

52
Q

HL configuration: loss is restricted to high frequency thresholds

A

High frequency

53
Q

HL configuration: loss characterized by one frequency that is significantly poorer than others (commonly seen at 4000 Hz due to noise exposure)

A

Notched

54
Q

HL configuration: poorest thresholds are in the mid-frequencies (give two names)

A

Saucer shaped

“Cookie bite”

55
Q

Cookie bite or saucer shaped HL is almost always _________

A

Congenital

56
Q

Complete this pairs of descriptors for HL:

1) congenital vs.
2) bilateral vs.
3) symmetrical vs.
4) sudden vs.
5) fluctuating vs.

A

1) acquired
2) unilateral
3) asymmetrical
4) progressive
5) stable

57
Q

In AR what do each of these three treatments help improve:

1) technology
2) auditory and speech reading training
3) speech and language development

A

1) audibility of speech sounds
2) auditory and visual skills
3) recognizing speech sounds

Aural Rehab - EXAM 1 (14 decks)

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