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Aural Rehab - EXAM 1 > 1: Introduction to AR > Flashcards

1: Introduction to AR Flashcards

1
Q

AR can be defined as all of the services that help an individual ________ or _________ the challenges associated with a ________ ____

A

Minimize or overcome

Hearing loss

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2
Q

AR definition: attempt to reduce the barriers to _____________ that result from ______ ____ and facilitate adjustment to the ________, ______, ___________, and __________ impacts

A

Communication
Hearing loss
Emotional, social, educational, and occupational

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3
Q

AR is a _______ approach

A

Holistic

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4
Q

Name 6 examples of what might be a part of AR?

A

1) assessment of HL and communication difficulties
2) selecting/fitting hearing devices
3) communication, speech reading, auditory training
4) speech, language, and literacy training
5) classroom or workplace management
6) counseling

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5
Q

What are the three terms that could be used for AR?

A

1) audiologic rehabilitation
2) aural rehabilitation
3) rehabilitative audiology

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6
Q

What is the distinction between rehabilitation and habilitation

A

Habilitation is used for those born with a hearing loss/never had access to sound/spoken language before, and rehabilitation is for other, but rehabilitation is generally used to apply to both groups

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7
Q

What are the two professionals most involved in AR? What are 5 examples of others who may be involved?

A 
MOST INVOLVED:
1) AUDs
2) SLPs
OTHERS:
1) deaf educators
2) vocational counselors
3) social workers
4) psychologists
5) physicians
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8
Q

What amount and percent of the US population have permanent, significant HL?

A

32 million

~10%

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9
Q

What amount and percent of the US population are deaf?

A

1 million

~1%

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10
Q

How many US children are deaf or HoH?

A

3 million

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11
Q

1 in __ people over age 65 have decreased hearing

A

3

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12
Q

What 2 factors have increased the demand for AR in children

A

1) earlier/more identification of HL

2) better tech and services means higher survival rates of infants whose conditions make them higher risk for HL

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13
Q

What are 2 factors that have increased the demand for AR in adults?

A

1) people are living longer

2) less stigma of HL/HAs

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14
Q

Support services like AR and others reduce costs for what three others?

A

1) education
2) medication
3) other support services

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15
Q

What are the two processes used to assess effectiveness of diagnostic procedures?

A

1) evidence-based practice

2) clinical decision analysis/information theory analysis

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16
Q

What is the integration of the best research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values called?

A

Evidence-based practice

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17
Q

What measures test validity based on mathematical principles and allows for interpretation of results when uncertainty exists?

A

Clinical decision analysis/information theory analysis

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18
Q

We need to make sure aural rehab practices are based on _________________ rather than _________________.

A

Sound, research evidence

Tradition/expert opinion

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19
Q

The best evidence comes from studies involving ________ _________ _____

A

Randomized controlled trials

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20
Q

What is it called when you compare behaviors of patients who have randomly assigned to receive a particular treatment or receive no treatment and measure dependent variables effect on the independent variable being measured

A

Randomized controlled

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21
Q

What are the four possible outcomes of any diagnostic test?

A

1) hit
2) miss
3) false positive
4) correct rejection

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22
Q

Diagnostic outcome: the client fails the test when they have a particular condition

A

Hit

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23
Q

Diagnostic outcome: the client passes the test when they have a particular condition

A

Miss

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24
Q

Diagnostic outcome: the client fails the test when they do not have a particular condition

A

False positive

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25
Q

The client passes the test when they do not have a particular condition

A

Correct rejection

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26
Q

Which two diagnostic outcomes do we want?

A

1) hit

2) correct rejection

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27
Q

Which two diagnostic outcomes do we not want?

A

1) miss

2) false positive

28
Q

What are the four measures of a diagnostic test?

A

1) sensitivity
2) specificity
3) false-positive rate
4) false-negative rate

29
Q

What is the true positive rate or hit rate?

A

When a test accurately identifies a person with a particular condition

30
Q

What does sensitivity refer to?

A

The true positive or hit rate (correctly identifies presence of condition)

31
Q

If it is known that a client has a particular condition, the chance that the test will show the client has the condition is called what?

A

Sensitivity

32
Q

If you take hits divided by (hits plus misses) what do you calculate?

A

Sensitivity

33
Q

What is the true negative or correct rejection rate?

A

Tests accuracy in rejecting individuals without a particular condition

34
Q

What does specificity refer to?

A

The true negative rate or correct rejection rate

35
Q

If it is known that a client does not have a particular condition, the chance that the test will show the client does not have the condition?

A

Specificity

36
Q

If you take correct rejection divided by (correct rejection plus false-positive)

A

Specificity

37
Q

The false positive rate is an _____ rate

A

Error

38
Q

When a client does not have a particular condition, the chance that the test will incorrectly indicate that the client does have the condition is called?

A

False positive rate

39
Q

False-positive divided by (false-positive plus correct rejection) equals ?

A

False positive rate

40
Q

The false negative rate is an ______ rate

A

Error

41
Q

When a client does have a particular condition, the chance that the test will incorrectly indicate that the client does not have the condition is called?

A

False negative rate

42
Q

The false-negative or misses divided by (hits plus misses) equals?

A

False negative rate

43
Q

Which two measures of a diagnostic test do we want to be as high as possible?

A

1) sensitivity

2) specificity

44
Q

Which two measure of a diagnostic test do we want to be as low as possible?

A

1) false-negative

2) false-positive

45
Q

What term is now used instead of handicap?

A

Disability

46
Q

The international classification of functioning, disability, and health standardized what?

A

Language and framework in describing functioning and health in all health fields

47
Q

Under the ICF framework a health condition/disorder can be described in what 3 dimensions?

A

1) impairment
2) activities
3) participation

48
Q

Dimension: structure and function

A

Impairment

49
Q

Dimension: activity limitation/disability

A

Activities

50
Q

Dimension: participation restriction/handicap

A

Participation

51
Q

What are the two parts of functioning and disability in the organization of the ICF?

A

1) body functions and structures

2) activity/participation

52
Q

What are the two parts of contextual factors in the organization of the ICF?

A

1) environmental factors

2) personal factors

53
Q

What’s the difference between body functions and structures?

A

Functions are the physiological functions of body systems and structures are the anatomical parts of the body and their components

54
Q

The primary consequence of impairment of hearing structures/functions is typically:

A

Problems with communication

55
Q

When the structures and functions of hearing are impaired, what dimension is this? It’s called the ________ __________ or ________

A

Activity limitation or disability

56
Q

The secondary consequences of hearing impairment are restrictions in:

A

Social, emotional, educational, and vocational areas

57
Q

The secondary consequences of hearing impairment are the ____________ ___________ or _________

A

Participation restrictions or handicap

58
Q

How can activity limitations and participation restrictions be determined?

A

Communication questionnaires completed by the HL individuals and/or family/loved ones

59
Q

Name examples of factors that influence participation restrictions:

A
  • amount of parental stimulation
  • quality of parental stimulation
  • innate intelligence
  • age on onset of hearing loss
  • age of identification of hearing loss
  • personality factors
  • health conditions at home
  • other medical conditions
  • socioeconomic status
60
Q

Which contextual factor includes the physical, social, and attitudinal parts of peoples lives

A

Environmental factors

61
Q

Which factor includes the internal influences on an individuals functioning and disability that aren’t a part of the health condition?

A

Personal factors

62
Q

What are 5 possible personal factors?

A

1) age
2) gender
3) social background
4) profession
5) culture

63
Q

What are the two major components of an AR model?

A

1) CORE - assessment

2) CARE - management

64
Q

What does CORE stand for?

A

C - communication status: impairments and activity limitations
O: overall participation variables
R: related personal factors
E: environmental factors

65
Q

What does CARE stand for?

A

C: counseling and psychosocial
A: audibility and impairment
R: remediate communication activity
E:environmental/coordination/participation improvement

Aural Rehab - EXAM 1 (14 decks)

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