#2 H&P

Question 1

infants start to follow people or moving objects with their eyes, usually need to move their whole head to move their eyes

Answer 1

8-12 wks

Question 2

start to move their eyes independently with much less head movement = tracking past midline

Answer 2

2-4 mos

Question 3

start to reach for objects, the beginning of eye-hand coordination

Answer 3

4 mos

Question 4

What is hypertelorism and what is it associated with?

Answer 4

wide distance between eyes

–often associated with several disorders and MR

Question 5

MC cause of visual loss in children

Answer 5

AMBLYOPIA, aka “Lazy Eye”

–brain “prefers” one eye and “turns off” strabismic eye

Question 6

TX for strabismus includes (3)

Answer 6

Surgery, eye-glasses or patching of the normal eye

Question 7

Refer to an opthalamologist when:

Answer 7

Persistent or a transient or fixed deviation of an eye beyond 4 months of age

Question 8

Audiologic exam is recommended for infants at birth to evaluate ___________ and recommended at this age in older children:

Answer 8

• Either measuring nerve response to sound or echo responses from the inner ear
• 4 yo (unless concern)

Question 9

20 deciduous teeth appear:

Answer 9

6-24 mos

Question 10

Eruption permanent teeth:

Answer 10

6-15 yo

Question 11

3rd molars erupt:

Answer 11

18 yo

Question 12

Delayed teeth eruption may be seen in:

Answer 12

hypothryoidism
hypopituitarism
Down’s
rickets

Question 13

Chalky white lines/speckles on the cutting edges of permanent incisors =

Answer 13

excessive fluoride intake

Question 14

Mottled or pitted teeth =

Answer 14

tetracycline tx during teeth development

Question 15

Black/gray teeth =

Answer 15

pulp decay, iron therapy

Question 16

Baby bottle syndrome results from:

Answer 16

propping a bottle in a little baby’s mouth with juice

Question 17

Asymmetry of chest expansion: (3)

Answer 17

• diaphragmatic paralysis
• pneumothorax
• other intrathoracic abn.

Question 18

Genu varum (“ bow legs”) common in this age range and how to ID:

Answer 18

• common in toddlers <18 mos

- present if space >2.5 cm between knees

Question 19

Genu valgum (“knock-knees”) 
common in this age range and how to ID:

Answer 19

• common in 2-4 y/o
• evaluated with child standing facing examiner, knees at your level
• with knees together, measure distance between medial malleoli
• space between med. malleoli should not exceed 5 cm

Question 20

Gower’s Sign is seen in this condition:

Answer 20

Muscular Dystrophy