03 Pediatric Nutrition

Question 1

Supplementation in an infant breastfeeding only includes: (2)

Answer 1

• Vitamin D (400 IU/day)- beginning 1st few days of life

- Flouride- after 6 mos of age (consider)

Question 2

Infant stool and urine production/day:

Answer 2

Stools-~3-4 xs daily

Urine- “soak” diaper at least 6 xs daily

Question 3

Contraindications to Breastfeeding: 5

Answer 3

Maternal illicit drug use
Maternal HIV + status (developed country)
Maternal untreated, active TB infection
Maternal chemotherapeutic / radioactive tx
Galactosemia

Question 4

Foods to avoid: (4)

Answer 4

eggs, seafood/fish, nuts (allergy) and honey (botulism)

Question 5

small triangular, silvery, foamlike patches that appear on the conjunctiva due to keratinization

Answer 5

Bitot spots

Question 6

Leading cause of blindness in the world

Answer 6

Vitamin A deficiency

Question 7

SXS associated with Vitamin A deficiency (2)

Answer 7

Night blindness

Bitot spots

Question 8

Importance of Vitamin K in infants:

Answer 8

Essential for synthesizing prothrombin. Coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X are vitamin K-dependent and are made in the liver

Question 9

Radiographic changes in Vitamin C deficiency:

Answer 9

consist of a ground glass appearance of the bones, pencil-thin cortex

Question 10

Vitamin B deficiency:

Answer 10

Beri Beri

Question 11

Niacin deficiency:

Answer 11

Pellegra

Question 12

Vitamin B12

Answer 12

megaloblastic anemia

–Found in Vegan environments

Question 13

Pediatric obesity rates:

Answer 13

15% of 6-19 yr olds have BMI > 95th %

Question 14

inadequate in Calorie content

Answer 14

Marasmus

Question 15

Diet LOW in PROTEIN

Answer 15

Kwashiorkor

Question 16

Kwashiorkor Clinical Picture: (6)

Answer 16

• Fair-good caloric intake
• Weight may be normal for age
• Marked muscle atrophy; OK adipose tissue
• Ascending pitting edema
• Hair is sparse, dull in color
• Apathy and disinterest in eating

Question 17

Marasmus Clinical Picture: (4)

Answer 17

No edema
Thin, sparse hair
Bradycardia, hypothermia
Apathetic and weak

Question 18

Fluoride should NOT begin before:

Answer 18

<6 months of age

Question 19

Milk intake should be limited to less than _____ oz/day

Answer 19

<24 oz

Question 20

Toddler diet changes made at 1 yo: (2)

Answer 20

switch to a sippy cup

switch to whole cow’s milk

Question 21

Iron fortified cereal should be started around:

Answer 21

4-6 mos of age

Question 22

Jar baby foods may be started around:

Answer 22

6 mos old

–must start to encourage oral-motor skills