03 Pediatric Nutrition Flashcards
Supplementation in an infant breastfeeding only includes: (2)
- Vitamin D (400 IU/day)- beginning 1st few days of life
- Flouride- after 6 mos of age (consider)
Infant stool and urine production/day:
Stools-~3-4 xs daily
Urine- “soak” diaper at least 6 xs daily
Contraindications to Breastfeeding: 5
Maternal illicit drug use
Maternal HIV + status (developed country)
Maternal untreated, active TB infection
Maternal chemotherapeutic / radioactive tx
Galactosemia
Foods to avoid: (4)
eggs, seafood/fish, nuts (allergy) and honey (botulism)
small triangular, silvery, foamlike patches that appear on the conjunctiva due to keratinization
Bitot spots
Leading cause of blindness in the world
Vitamin A deficiency
SXS associated with Vitamin A deficiency (2)
Night blindness
Bitot spots
Importance of Vitamin K in infants:
Essential for synthesizing prothrombin. Coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X are vitamin K-dependent and are made in the liver
Radiographic changes in Vitamin C deficiency:
consist of a ground glass appearance of the bones, pencil-thin cortex
Vitamin B deficiency:
Beri Beri
Niacin deficiency:
Pellegra
Vitamin B12
megaloblastic anemia
–Found in Vegan environments
Pediatric obesity rates:
15% of 6-19 yr olds have BMI > 95th %
inadequate in Calorie content
Marasmus
Diet LOW in PROTEIN
Kwashiorkor
Kwashiorkor Clinical Picture: (6)
- Fair-good caloric intake
- Weight may be normal for age
- Marked muscle atrophy; OK adipose tissue
- Ascending pitting edema
- Hair is sparse, dull in color
- Apathy and disinterest in eating
Marasmus Clinical Picture: (4)
No edema
Thin, sparse hair
Bradycardia, hypothermia
Apathetic and weak
Fluoride should NOT begin before:
<6 months of age
Milk intake should be limited to less than _____ oz/day
<24 oz
Toddler diet changes made at 1 yo: (2)
switch to a sippy cup
switch to whole cow’s milk
Iron fortified cereal should be started around:
4-6 mos of age
Jar baby foods may be started around:
6 mos old
–must start to encourage oral-motor skills
