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Pharmacology 2 > 2 - Gastrointestinal Disorders > Flashcards

2 - Gastrointestinal Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What are some antacids?

A
  • Aluminum hydroxide
  • Magnesium hydroxide
  • Calcium carbonate (Tums)

These are poorly absorbed

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2
Q

What are some magnesium products of antacids?

A
  • Milk of Magnesia - neutralizes stomach
  • Maalox - magnesium trisilicate
    • Slow acting, coats ulcerated area, neutralizes pH
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3
Q

What are the aluminum products of antacids?

A
  • Amphojel - aluminum is astringent to stop bleeding
    • Coats and protects ulcers from H+
  • Aluminum glycinate + aspirin
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4
Q

How does the antacid sucralfate (Carafate) work?

A
  • Form complexes with albumin, fibrinogen and globulin on ulcer surface, thus creating protective barrier to acid and pepsin
    • Interferes with the absorption of many medications
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5
Q

What is the preferred histamine H2 receptor antagonist?

A

Zantac

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6
Q

What are indicated for use for prevention and treatment of NSAID-induced GI lesions?

A

Nexium - proton pump inhibitors

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7
Q

What class of drugs are Nexium, Prevacid, Prilosec, Prontonix, Aciphex?

A

proton pump inhibitors

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8
Q

How are antibiotics used for GI disorders? And what are the common ones?

A

Used in combination with other drugs to treat ulcers cause by Helicobacter pylori

  • amoxicillin
  • metronidazole
  • clarithromycin
  • tetracycline
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9
Q

What is a dental consideration of patients taking antacids?

A
  • They interfere with absorption of many drugs = wait 2 hours
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10
Q

While taking antacids, what additional drug can cause GI distress and diarrhea?

A

Macrolide antibiotics - caution in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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11
Q

What can taking antacids with antibiotics cause?

A

Pseudomembranous colitis

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12
Q

What should you avoid in patients with a history of stomach ulcers?

A

Aspirin / NSAIDS

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13
Q

H pylori is associated with cancer of gastric mucosa which is?

A

Lymphoma

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14
Q

Atrophic gastritis caused by chronic use of proton pump inhibitors increases risk for what?

A

Stomach cancer

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15
Q

Once H. pylori is found in patients with peptic ulcers, what’s the normal procedure?

A
  1. Eradicate it
  2. Allow ulcer to heal

Triple therapy!

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16
Q

What’s the triple therapy used for stomach ulcers and h pylori?

A
  1. amoxicillin
  2. clarithromycin (Biaxin)
  3. a proton pump inhibitor
    1. Nexium, Prevacid, Protonix, Aciphex
    2. Prilosec
17
Q

What do you change in the triple therapy if H pylori is resistant to clarithromycin?

A

levofloxacin (Levaquin)

18
Q

What are some dental considerations of pts with ulcers?

A
  • Avoid aspirin and NSAIDS
  • H2 receptor blockers decrease metabolism of many dental drugs
19
Q

What are some oral manifestations of peptic ulcer disease?

A
  • Vascular malformations of lip
  • Enamel erosion
  • Taste alteration
  • Blood dyscrasias
  • Xerostomia
20
Q

What are the 2 distinct conditions of IBS?

A
  1. Ulcerative colitis - large intestine and rectum
  2. Crohn’s disease - entire wall of bowel, autoimmune
21
Q

What are the treatments for IBS?

A
  1. First line - anti-inflammatories, corticosteroids
  2. Second line - immunosuppressive agents, antibiotics
  3. Third line - monoclonal antibody, surgical resection
22
Q

What are the unique oral manifestations of Crohn’s?

A
  • Atypical mucosal uclerations
  • Diffuse swelling of lips and cheeks
  • Cobblestone mucosal lesions
23
Q

What are common anti-diarrheal agents?

A
  • Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol)
  • codeine and diphenoxylate (in Lomotil) = prescription drug
  • Imodium
24
Q

What’s the caution while taking pepto-bismol?

A

Caution with salicylate allergy

25
Q

What are the different types of laxatives?

A
  • Bulk - carboxymethyl cellulose with psyllium
  • Osmotic - magnesium salts
  • Contact - bisacodyl (Dulcolax), castor oil
  • Lubricants - mineral oil, glycerin

Pharmacology 2 (21 decks)

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