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Pharmacology 2 > 2 - Endocrine Pharmacology pt. 2 > Flashcards

2 - Endocrine Pharmacology pt. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the progesterone replacement drugs used to treat?

A
  • Menstrual disorders
  • Prevention of habitual abortion
  • Endometriosis
  • Contraception
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2
Q

What are the synthetic modified forms of progesterone?

A
  • norethindrone
  • medroxyprogesterone (Provera)
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3
Q

What is used for the treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding, secondary amenhorrhea, endometrial cancer?

A

medroxyprogesterone (Provera)

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4
Q

What is testosterone used for?

A
  • Delayed male puberty
  • Hypogonadism
  • Inoperable female breast cancer
  • Loss of libido in postmenopausal women
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5
Q

What are anabolic steroids used for and what are the popular ones?

A

Used to increase muscle mass and physcial performance

  • nandrolone phenpropionate (Durabolin)
  • methandrosternolone (Dianabol)
  • oxandrolone (Anavar)
  • stanozolol (Winstrol)
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6
Q

What are the different types of preparations of birth control pills?

A
  • Combination
    • Estrogen and progestin - 99% effective
    • 7 days of placebo during menstruation
  • **Sequential **
    • Different amounts of progestin with same amount of estrogen
  • Single Entity Type
    • Progestin only “minipills”
    • Estrogen only “morning after” - Plan B
    • DES - rape/incest cases
    • RU-486 (progesterone antagonist) - medical termination of intrauterine pregnancy
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7
Q

What is the long acting progestin that abolishes menstrual cycle as long as it is given leading to ovarian and endometrial atrophy?

A

IM (DepoProvera)

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8
Q

What is the 3-month Depo-Provera shot?

A
  • Depo Provera
  • Hormone injection that lasts for 3 months to prevent pregnancy
  • Stops ovaries from releasing eggs
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9
Q

What are the mechanisms of action of oral contraceptives?

A
  • Inhibition of ovulation
    • Estrogen - inhibits FSH secretion
    • Progesterone - inhibits release of LH
  • Progesterone alters endometrium development
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10
Q

What are some dental considerations of patients taking oral contraceptives?

A
  • Mimics effects of pregnancy on gingiva
  • Mild inflammation
  • Decrease defense to plaque bacteria
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11
Q

Describe the drug interaction of oral contraceptives and antibiotics.

A
  • Antibiotics alter normal bacterial flora in small intestine - where oral contraceptives are “activated” and absorbed
  • Risk for ovulation and pregnancy
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12
Q

What does the ADA recommend to patients when they are given antibiotics while they are taking OC’s?

A
  • Recommend an alternative form of birth control until the start of her next cycle
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13
Q

Which antibiotics do not affect OC steroid levels in women taking combination OCs?

A
  • Tetracycline
  • Doxycycline
  • Ampicillin
  • Metronidazole
  • Fluconazole
  • Fluoroquinolones
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14
Q

What are the different types of Bone Drugs?

A
  • SERMS - Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (“designer” estrogens)
  • bisphosphonates
    • Oral: Fosamax, Actonel, Boniva
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15
Q

What is raloxifene (Evista) and what does it do?

A
  • It’s a SERM
  • Activates estrogen receptors in bone
  • Anti-resorptive action on bone
  • **It can also reduce risk of invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. **
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16
Q

What are the best available bone building drugs that inhibit osteoclastic activity?

A

Bisphosphonates

17
Q

What are the oral bisphosphonates and what are they used for?

A

Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis

  • alendronate (Fosamax)
  • risedronate (Actonel)
  • ibandronate (Boniva)
18
Q

What are the IV bisphosphonates and what are they used for?

A

Treatment of bone pathologies

  • etidronate disodium (Didronel)
  • pamidronate (Aredia)
  • zoledronic acid (Zometa)
  • tiludronate (Skelid)
19
Q

What is the IV drug used for osteoporosis prevention?

A

zoledronic acid (Reclast)

20
Q

What are the common side effects of bisphosphonates?

A
  • Erosive esophagitis
  • Headache, GI distress
  • Osteonecrosis of the jaw
21
Q

When are most cases of jaw osteonecrosis seen?

A

In patients undergoing chemotherapy with bisphosphonates who also recieved steroids

22
Q

What are the 4 therapeutic uses of hormones?

A
  1. Replace
  2. Diagnose
  3. Stimulate
  4. Inhibit
23
Q

What is the only hypothalamci releasing hormone used as a drug? And what is it used for?

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

Used for ovulation induction in women with primary hypothalamic amenorrhea

  • clomiphene (Clomid) is analog used as ovulatory stimulant
24
Q

How is GnRH used in men?

A

Treatment of idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

25
Q

What is ACTH and what’s it used for?

A
  • Anterior pituitary hormone
  • Used as diagnostic tool - adrenal dysfunction
26
Q

What is the most abundant hormone in anterio pituitary?

A

Growth Hormone

Now made from recombinant DNA techniques

27
Q

What anterior pituitary hormone induces ovulation and regulates progesterone secretion in women, testosterone secretion in men?

A

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

28
Q

What are the non-pituitary gonadotropins?

A
  • Human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) = menotropins
  • Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) - pregnancy test
  • Vasopressin
  • Oxytocin (Pitocin)
29
Q

High levels of what can trigger uterine contractions?

A

Vasopressin

30
Q

What hormone increases plasma calcium and maintains at 10 mg %?

A

Parathyroid hormone

31
Q

What is the hormonal form of vitamin D?

A

Calcitriol

32
Q

What is used in medicine to treat hypercalcemia, by decreasing plasma calcium and phosphate levels?

A

thyrocaclitonin (calcitonin)

33
Q

What does Vitamin D-3 (cholecalciferol) do?

A
  • Promotes gut absorption of calcium
  • Stimulates osteoclast proliferation and bone resorption
34
Q

What is the common preparation of vitamin D?

A

ergocalciferol (vitamin D2, calciferol)

35
Q

What are the effects of vitamin D and systemic disease?

A
  • Increased Vit D - decreased colon cancer risk
  • Decreased Vit D - Increased risk for prostate, breast and ovarian cancer

Pharmacology 2 (21 decks)

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