2. Feudalism

Question 1

What is Feudalism?

Answer 1

A system in medieval Europe where powerful lords granted land to less powerful individuals in exchange for support and protection.

Question 2

Background of Feudalism

Answer 2

Changes in medieval Europe, such as farming advancements (three-field system, heavy plow), population growth, and the separation of agriculture and crafts.

Question 3

Three-Field System

Answer 3

Farming method with fields divided into three parts and rotated for improved productivity.

Question 4

Heavy Plow

Answer 4

Sturdy agricultural tool used to turn and prepare soil for planting.

Question 5

Horseshoe

Answer 5

Metal shoe fitted onto a horse’s hoof to protect it and improve traction.

Question 6

Collar

Answer 6

Harness worn by horses for pulling heavy loads more efficiently.

Question 7

Feudal Society

Answer 7

Emergence of artisans and merchants, establishment of self-governed communes led by religious leaders and mayors, and the presence of jurisdiction.

Question 8

Revival of Towns

Answer 8

Renaissance of towns in the Middle Ages, becoming important centers for trade and governance.

Question 9

Characteristics of Towns

Answer 9

Features of medieval towns including walls, narrow streets, central squares, churches, town halls, and marketplaces.

Question 10

Feudal Privileges

Answer 10

Special rights in medieval towns for managing the town, enforcing laws, collecting taxes, organizing trade events, creating tax-free zones, regulating trade, and receiving legal protection.

Question 11

Significance of Feudalism in Economy and Political Life

Answer 11

Growth of trade hubs, support from kings for town development, establishment of trade networks (Levant trade, Hanseatic League, Champagne), and formation of craftsmen guilds.

Question 12

Levant Trade

Answer 12

Business between Europe and the Eastern Mediterranean during the Middle Ages, involving the exchange of various goods.

Question 13

Hanseatic League

Answer 13

Medieval trade association in Northern Europe that facilitated trade and protected the economic interests of its member guilds and towns.

Question 14

Hungarian Feudalism in the Middle Ages

Answer 14

Establishment of early cities, foundation of new cities with settlers and city walls, granting of privileges like self-governance and tax exemptions, establishment of mining towns and royal free towns, and the development of town laws and a unified measurement system.