12. Dualist Society Flashcards
Demographic boom, migration, and ethnic minorities
Population growth, migration to cities, Hungarian emigration, and ethnic minority dynamics in Hungary.
Industrialist society
Upper bourgeoisie, petty bourgeoisie, and growing working class in Hungary during industrialization.
Peasantry.
Lower layer of agrarian society with uneven land distribution and a growing agrarian proletariat.
Hungarian gentry
Majority of the nobility facing financial difficulties and selling bonds for capital.
Hungarian nobility
Upper class with vast estates, political power, and social prestige in Hungary.
Dualist society
Combination of traditional feudal classes and modern capitalist classes in Hungary.
Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
Unique dual monarchy with shared ruler and joint management of foreign affairs, military matters, and finances.
Pile-up society
erm used by historians to describe the dualist society in Hungary, combining feudal and capitalist classes.
Magnate families
nfluential families within the Hungarian nobility possessing significant political power and social prestige.
Liberation of serfs
The emancipation of serfs in Hungary, leading to financial difficulties for the Hungarian gentry.
Agrarian proletariat
Landless peasants who formed a growing lower class in Hungarian society.
Upper bourgeoisie
Wealthy capitalist businessmen, often of foreign origin, who invested in land and pursued luxury.
Petty bourgeoisie
Small business owners and lower-ranking civil servants in Hungarian society.
Rural-to-urban migration
Movement of people from rural areas to cities in search of job opportunities.
Emigration to the USA
Migration of around 1.5 million Hungarians to the United States between the 1890s and 1914.
