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203 MEDIMAGE - HAL > 2. Femur & Pelvis > Flashcards

2. Femur & Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

what is the head of femur covered with

A

hyaline cartilage

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2
Q

what is the fovea capitis

A

pit in the head of the femur

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3
Q

where does the ligamentum teres insert

A

into the fovea capitis of the head of femur

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4
Q

what is the intertrochanteric line and is it more on the anterior or posterior surface

A

the line between the greater and lesser trochanter

anterior surface

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5
Q

what is the trochanteric fossa and is it more on the lateral/medial aspect

A

depression in the medial aspect of the greater trochanter

medial aspect

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6
Q

neck of the femur is articular true or false

A

false

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7
Q

the greater trochanter is the bump of bone on the lateral/medial aspect

A

lateral

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8
Q

which 3 muscles attaches to the greater trochanter

A

gluteus med/minimus and piriformis

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9
Q

the lesser trochanter is found more distally/proximally and is more on the anterior/posterior aspect of the femur

A

distally

posterior

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10
Q

what attaches to the lesser trochanter

A

iliopsoas muscle

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11
Q

what is the intertrochanteric crest and is it located more anteriorly or posteriorly

A

defined crest of bone that joins the two trochanters posteriorly

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12
Q

where does the short external rotators of the hip insert

A

at the trochanteric fossa

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13
Q

what is the linea aspera and is it located posteriorly or anteriorly

A

ridge of bone extending the length of the shaft posteriorly

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14
Q

what attaches to the linea aspera

A

muscles of the thigh

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15
Q

the head of the femur articulates with what part of the pelvis

A

the acetabulum of the pelvis

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16
Q

muscles of what region help stabilise the femur and what are their 2 functions

A

gluteal region

move the hip joint and stabilise the pelvis during locomotion

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17
Q

do you have more lateral rotation medially or laterally

A

roughly similar

30* lateral and 40* medial

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18
Q

flexion is created by muscles that pass anterior/posterior to the hip joint

A

anterior

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19
Q

what happens to your range of motion of rotation medially and laterally when you flex your knee

A

medial rotation decreases but lateral rotation increases significantly

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20
Q

extension is created by muscles that pass anterior/posterior to the hip joint

A

posterior

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21
Q

do you have more lateral rotation or medial when you rotate with a extended femur

A

lateral rotation decreased compared to flexed hip

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22
Q

is there a greater range of abduction and adduction on a flexed or extended hip

A

greater abduction and less adduction for flexed hip

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23
Q

what is circumduction of the femur

A

composite movement created by putting all movements together

circling thigh and leg

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24
Q

each hemipelvis is composed of 3 major components what are these

and what portion of the pelvis are they located at (eg superior/posterior/inferior/anterior)

A

ilium - superiorly

ischium - inferior and posteriorly

pubis - inferiorly and anteriorly

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25
Q

what are the 5 bony landmarks found on the ilium

A 
iliac crest
iliac fossa
ASIS
PSIS
GSN
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26
Q

what is the ASIS and PSIS

A

Anterior and posterior superior iliac spine

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27
Q

what is the GSN

A

greater sciatic notch

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28
Q

what are the 2 bony landmarks found on the ischium

A

ischial tuberosity

ischial spine

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29
Q

what are the 2 bony landmarks found on the pubis

A

pubic tubercle

pubic symphisis

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30
Q

on the pelvis where is the iliac crest

A

top most border of the pelvis

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31
Q

which 2 bony landmarks is the GSN found between

A

PSIS and ischial spine

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32
Q

which is located lower down the ischial spine or the tuberosity

A

ischial tuberosity

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33
Q

the 2 iliac crests articulate anteriorly/posteriorly with the alae of the sacrum and anteriorly/posteriorly with each other at the pubic symphysis creating a ring

A

posteriorly with the alae of the sacrum and anteriorly with each other at the pubic symphysis

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34
Q

what is contained in the pelvis of the body

A

abdominal viscera - small/large bowels

pelvic viscera - bladder, rectum, vagina, uterus, internal genitalia of males and females

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35
Q

the ilium, pubis and ischium are all joined where

A

at the acetabulum

36
Q

what type of cartilage lines the acetabulum and is it a continuous ring

A

hyaline cartilage

crescent shape non-continuous ring

37
Q

what is the name of the surface of the cartilage in the acetabulum

A

lunate surface

38
Q

what is the portion in the middle of the lunate surface called and what is significant about its structure

A

acetabular fossa

devoid of cartilage

39
Q

what is the acetabular notch

A

space between 2 free ends of the lunate surface/acetabular cartilage

40
Q

what is ligament forms the acetabular foramen with the acetabular notch

A

transverse acetabular ligament

41
Q

what passes through the acetabular foramen

A

ligamentum teres

42
Q

what passes through the obturator foramen

A

obturator nerve and obturator artery

43
Q

what forms the obturator foramen

A

pubic and ischial bones

44
Q

what effect does trauma have on the ring structure of the pelvic bones and sacrum

A

if it breaks in one place it usually breaks/dislocates in another place as well

45
Q

what is the difference between female and male pevlises

A

females have a rounder pelvic inlet and a subpubic angle larger than 90*

males have a pelvic inlet that is heart shaped and narrower and a subpubic angle smaller than 90*

46
Q

The hip joint is a ___ joint

A

synovial joint

47
Q

what is the hip joint composed of in terms of the inner and outer layers

A

synovial inner layer

fibrous capsular outer layer

48
Q

what are the 3 ligaments of the hip joint capsule

A

pubofemoral
iliofemoral
ischiofemoral

49
Q

describe the attachments of the hip joint

A

from the acetabulum rim medially to the intertrochanteric line (anterolaterally) the greater trochanter and the neck of the femur (posterolaterally)

50
Q

what movements does the ischiofemoral ligament limit

A

limits adduction and medial rotation

51
Q

what movements does the iliofemoral ligament limit

A

limits adduction and abduction (superior and inferior bands respectively)

52
Q

what movements does the pubofemoral ligament limit

A

limits abduction and lateral rotation

53
Q

what are the two other ligaments that stabilise the hip joint and pelvis

A

sacrospinous

sacrotuberous

54
Q

which ligaments form the greater and lesser sciatic foramina with the G/LSNs

A

sacrospinous & sacrotuberous ligaments

55
Q

what ligament prevents the femoral head from dislocating

A

transverse acetabular ligament

56
Q

what is the function of the ligamentum teres normally and what is its function during development

A

maintains femoral head in the acetabulum

during development it helps supply arteries to the developing femoral head

57
Q

what is the artery that accompanies the ligamentum teres and delivers blood to the femoral head and when is this artery functional

A

obturator artery

during childhood

58
Q

what is the major artery in the pelvis

A

common iliac artery

59
Q

what are the 2 arteries that the common iliac artery split into

A

internal and external iliac artery

60
Q

what does the internal iliac artery supply

A

pelvic contents and gluteal region

61
Q

what does the external iliac artery supply

A

entire lower limb

62
Q

what artery does the external iliac artery become

A

femoral artery

63
Q

the hip joint is supplied by a anastamotic network of arteries derived from what artery

A

deep branch of the femoral artery

64
Q

what does anastamose mean

A

join together

65
Q

what 2 arteries does the deep branch of the femoral artery give off

A

medial and lateral circumflex arteries

66
Q

the medial and lateral circumflex arteries anastamose with eachother and some branches of which 2 arteries

A

superior and inferior gluteal arteries

67
Q

what artery does the superior and inferior gluteal arteries come from

A

internal iliac artery

68
Q

which bony landmark on the pelvis do the sup/inf gluteal arteries emerge from

A

Greater sciatic foramen

69
Q

why is there a collateral network of arteries in the pelvis

A

Collateral network for redundancy so if one path is blocked, there are different paths, occlusion could be naturally from flexing elbow/knee etc

70
Q

what is the purpose of an anastamotic network

A

provides collateral flow if occlusion occurs (pathological or non-pathological)

71
Q

what is the path of arteries that blood flows through to get from the pelvis to the lower leg

A

common iliac into

1/ external iliac -> femoral (and splits into profunda femoris)

2/ internal ilac -> superior and inferior gluteal -> circumflex branches

72
Q

what does the blood supply for the femoral head come from

A

retinacular arteries

73
Q

how do the retinacular arteries supply the femoral head

A

pierce the capsule and runs along the femoral neck

74
Q

what might critically compromise the retinacular arteries

A

femoral neck fracture leads to avascular necrosis to the femoral head

75
Q

what is the path of the blood flow through the arteries to the femoral head

A

profunda femoris artery

lateral and medial circumflex artery

retinacular arteries

76
Q

what 3 structures run in the femoral triangle (from lateral to medial)

A 
femoral nerve (most lateral)
femoral artery
femoral vein (most medial)
77
Q

the femoral nerve is made up of which nerve roots of which plexus

A

L2-4 nerve roots

lumbar plexus

78
Q

what muscles do the femoral nerve supply

A

muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh

79
Q

what function do the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh have at the hip and knee

A 
hip = flexion
knee = extension
80
Q

the base of the femoral triangle is formed by which ligament

A

inguinal ligament

81
Q

proximal to the inguinal ligament are which femoral artery and vein

A

external iliac artery and vein

82
Q

what are the 2 nerves in the pelvis

A

sciatic nerve and femoral nerve

83
Q

what does the sciatic nerve supply

A

entire posterior compartment of the thigh (ham strings) and everything below the knee (except for some of the medial shin that is supplied by the femoral nerve)

84
Q

which nerve roots do the sciatic nerve come from and which 2 plexus do they come from

A

L4-S4 nerve roots of the lumbar and sacral plexus

85
Q

what is the sciatic nerves relationship to the hip joint

A

posterior to the hip joint

86
Q

how does the sciatic nerve exit the pelvis to enter the gluteal region

what position is its exit relative to the muscle (which muscle)

A

passes laterally through the greater sciatic foramen

anterior to the piriformis

87
Q

the GNS leads in/out of the pelvis and the LSN leads in/out of the pelvis

A 
GSN = out
LSN = in

203 MEDIMAGE - HAL (6 decks)

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