1. Shoulder Flashcards
is the coracoid more anterior or posterior than the acromion
more anterior
what aspect of the scapula is the spine located on
posterior
what are the 3 fossae on the scapula
supraspinous
infraspinous
subscapular
the suprascapular notch is created by what
the passage of a nerve or vessel
the lateral clavicle joins the ____
the medial clavicle joins the ___
lateral = acromion
medial = manubrium of sternum
the humeral head allows high/low mobility and high/low stability
high mobility
low stability
which tubercle of the greater or lesser is more anterior
lesser tubercle
the glenoid labrum is found where and what is it made of
its found around the glenoid fossa
its made of fibrocartilage
where are the anatomical and surgical necks of the humerus
the anatomical neck is just distal to the humeral head
the surgical neck is lower down and is located distal to the tubercles
which neck of the humerus is more likely to fracture
surgical
what runs in the intertubercular groove
tendon of the long head of bicep brachii
where does the tendon of the long head of bicep brachii attach to on the scapula
supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
what are the 2 parts of the shoulder joint that enclose the articular cartilage of the joint and what are they made of
outer fibrous capsule
inner synovial membrane
do ligaments passively/actively stabilise joints
passively
muscles actively stabilise joints
why does the shoulder capsule sag inferiorly
to facilitate a larger range of motion and laxity
especially abduction
what does the transverse humeral ligament do
holds the tendon of the long head of brachii in place in the intertubercular groove
what are the 2 discrete extracapsular ligaments
acromioclavicualr and coracoclavicular
what happens if the transverse humeral ligament ruptures
long head of bicep tendon subluxes anteriorly
the long head bicep brachii tendon is what in terns of capsular and synovial
intracapsular and extrasynovial
what other structures in the body are intracapsular and extrasynovial
cruciate ligaments in the knee
elbow and knee joint fat pads
what other structure does the long head of bicep brachii tendon attach to in the shoulder
glenoid labrum
the bicep long head tendon has its own synovial sheath true or false
true
the bursa between the acromion and the supraspinatus is called what
subacromial bursa
what bursa is between the subscapularis muscle and the capsule
what is this bursa often continuous with
subtendinous bursa of subscapularis
continuous with the joint space
what would you see in the sheaths and bursae if you suspect shoulder pathology
inflammation and increased fluid quantity
degradation and loss of fucntion
what are the medial and lateral aspects of the coracoclavicular ligaments called
conoid = medial
trapezoid = lateral
what is the purpose of bursae
to decrease friction
what is the coracoacromial ligament/arch and what does it do
helps brace the humerus superiorly
what structure is deep to the coracoacromial ligament/arch
subacromial bursa
the 4 rotator cuff muscles are
supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis
where do the rotator cuff muscles originate from
originate from the scapula
what is the function of the 4 rotator cuff muscles
provide extra stabilisation to the shoulder joint and produce movement of the humerus
of the 4 rotator cuff muscles 3 are located posteriorly and one is located anteriorly - which is the anterior one
subscapularis
where do the rotator cuff muscles insert on the humerus
as well as inserting onto the humerus, the muscles do what with the joint capsule deep to them
subscapularis = lesser tubercle
other 3 = greater tubercle
blend with the joint capsule deep to them
what two muscles are inferior to the infraspinatus from the posterior view
teres minor and major
what movement does the supraspinatus muscle cause
abduction (the first 15*)
what movement does the infraspinatus muscle cause
external rotation
what movement does the teres minor muscle cause
external rotation
what movement does the subscapualris muscle cause
internal rotation
are muscles active or passive stabilisers of the shoulder joint
active
whichbony prominence of the scapula does the supraspinatus muscle pass under
acromion
what are the most common directions for the dislocation of the humeral head
inferior and anterior
stabilisation is another role of the long tendon of the bicep brachii and what is its specific role in stabilisation
maintains the humeral head in the glenoid fossa and prevents over rotation
where does the short tendon of bicep brachii attach to on the scapula
coracoid process
what is the main artery from the aorta that supplies the upper limb
subclavian artery
what is the name of the subclavian artery once it has passed the lateral border of rib 1
axillary artery
at what bony landmark does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery
lateral border of rib 1
what does the axillary artery supply
shoulder and armpit regions
shoulder joint itself
at what muscular landmark does the axillary artery become the brachial artery
inferior border of teres major
what is the name of the axillary artery once it has passed the inferior border of teres major
brachial artery
what is the main distal tributary of the axillary vein
basilic vein
what area does the basilic vein drain from
superficial medial aspect of arm/forearm
what smaller deeper veins lead off from the basilic vein and follow the artery more intimately
brachial vein
what is the lateral counterpart to the basilic vein
cephalic
what area does the cephalic vein drain to
drains into the axillary vein higher in the shoulder
what is the order of arteries in the flow of blood from the aorta down to the lower arm
aorta
subclavian artery
axillary artery
brachial artery
what is the order of veins in the flow of blood from the lower arm to the aorta
brachial veins -> basilic vein
basilic & cephalic veins -> axillary vein
axillary vein -> subclavian vein
which is lateral and which is medial
basilic and cephalic veins
lateral = cephalic medial = basilic
what is the network of major nerves in the shoulder region referred to as
brachial plexus
the brachial plexus carries nerve fibres from which vertebral levels
C5-T1
what is the structural organization of nerves from the spine to the distal regions
roots -> cords -> terminal nerves
what are the 3 cords of the brachial plexus
medial
lateral
posterior
to which anatomy are the 3 cords of the brachial plexus named respective to
axillary artery
what are the 5 terminal nerves that are formed from the 3 cords of the brachial plexus
median ulnar radial axillary musculocutaneous
what does the axillary nerve supply
deltoid muscle
what does the musculocutaneous nerve supply
anterior compartment of the arm
what is the path of the radial nerve
posterior route
spiral around shaft of humerus and emerges laterally at the cubital fossa
what type of injury could put the radial nerve at risk
mid shaft humeral fracture
what are the 3 nerves that make up the sideways M at the shoulder
upper line = musculocutaneous
middle line = median
lower line = ulnar
