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203 MEDIMAGE - HAL > 1. Shoulder > Flashcards

1. Shoulder Flashcards

1
Q

is the coracoid more anterior or posterior than the acromion

A

more anterior

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2
Q

what aspect of the scapula is the spine located on

A

posterior

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3
Q

what are the 3 fossae on the scapula

A

supraspinous

infraspinous

subscapular

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4
Q

the suprascapular notch is created by what

A

the passage of a nerve or vessel

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5
Q

the lateral clavicle joins the ____

the medial clavicle joins the ___

A

lateral = acromion

medial = manubrium of sternum

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6
Q

the humeral head allows high/low mobility and high/low stability

A

high mobility

low stability

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7
Q

which tubercle of the greater or lesser is more anterior

A

lesser tubercle

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8
Q

the glenoid labrum is found where and what is it made of

A

its found around the glenoid fossa

its made of fibrocartilage

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9
Q

where are the anatomical and surgical necks of the humerus

A

the anatomical neck is just distal to the humeral head

the surgical neck is lower down and is located distal to the tubercles

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10
Q

which neck of the humerus is more likely to fracture

A

surgical

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11
Q

what runs in the intertubercular groove

A

tendon of the long head of bicep brachii

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12
Q

where does the tendon of the long head of bicep brachii attach to on the scapula

A

supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula

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13
Q

what are the 2 parts of the shoulder joint that enclose the articular cartilage of the joint and what are they made of

A

outer fibrous capsule

inner synovial membrane

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14
Q

do ligaments passively/actively stabilise joints

A

passively

muscles actively stabilise joints

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15
Q

why does the shoulder capsule sag inferiorly

A

to facilitate a larger range of motion and laxity

especially abduction

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16
Q

what does the transverse humeral ligament do

A

holds the tendon of the long head of brachii in place in the intertubercular groove

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17
Q

what are the 2 discrete extracapsular ligaments

A

acromioclavicualr and coracoclavicular

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18
Q

what happens if the transverse humeral ligament ruptures

A

long head of bicep tendon subluxes anteriorly

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19
Q

the long head bicep brachii tendon is what in terns of capsular and synovial

A

intracapsular and extrasynovial

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20
Q

what other structures in the body are intracapsular and extrasynovial

A

cruciate ligaments in the knee

elbow and knee joint fat pads

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21
Q

what other structure does the long head of bicep brachii tendon attach to in the shoulder

A

glenoid labrum

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22
Q

the bicep long head tendon has its own synovial sheath true or false

A

true

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23
Q

the bursa between the acromion and the supraspinatus is called what

A

subacromial bursa

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24
Q

what bursa is between the subscapularis muscle and the capsule

what is this bursa often continuous with

A

subtendinous bursa of subscapularis

continuous with the joint space

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25
Q

what would you see in the sheaths and bursae if you suspect shoulder pathology

A

inflammation and increased fluid quantity

degradation and loss of fucntion

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26
Q

what are the medial and lateral aspects of the coracoclavicular ligaments called

A

conoid = medial

trapezoid = lateral

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27
Q

what is the purpose of bursae

A

to decrease friction

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28
Q

what is the coracoacromial ligament/arch and what does it do

A

helps brace the humerus superiorly

29
Q

what structure is deep to the coracoacromial ligament/arch

A

subacromial bursa

30
Q

the 4 rotator cuff muscles are

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

31
Q

where do the rotator cuff muscles originate from

A

originate from the scapula

32
Q

what is the function of the 4 rotator cuff muscles

A

provide extra stabilisation to the shoulder joint and produce movement of the humerus

33
Q

of the 4 rotator cuff muscles 3 are located posteriorly and one is located anteriorly - which is the anterior one

A

subscapularis

34
Q

where do the rotator cuff muscles insert on the humerus

as well as inserting onto the humerus, the muscles do what with the joint capsule deep to them

A

subscapularis = lesser tubercle
other 3 = greater tubercle

blend with the joint capsule deep to them

35
Q

what two muscles are inferior to the infraspinatus from the posterior view

A

teres minor and major

36
Q

what movement does the supraspinatus muscle cause

A

abduction (the first 15*)

37
Q

what movement does the infraspinatus muscle cause

A

external rotation

38
Q

what movement does the teres minor muscle cause

A

external rotation

39
Q

what movement does the subscapualris muscle cause

A

internal rotation

40
Q

are muscles active or passive stabilisers of the shoulder joint

A

active

41
Q

whichbony prominence of the scapula does the supraspinatus muscle pass under

A

acromion

42
Q

what are the most common directions for the dislocation of the humeral head

A

inferior and anterior

43
Q

stabilisation is another role of the long tendon of the bicep brachii and what is its specific role in stabilisation

A

maintains the humeral head in the glenoid fossa and prevents over rotation

44
Q

where does the short tendon of bicep brachii attach to on the scapula

A

coracoid process

45
Q

what is the main artery from the aorta that supplies the upper limb

A

subclavian artery

46
Q

what is the name of the subclavian artery once it has passed the lateral border of rib 1

A

axillary artery

47
Q

at what bony landmark does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery

A

lateral border of rib 1

48
Q

what does the axillary artery supply

A

shoulder and armpit regions

shoulder joint itself

49
Q

at what muscular landmark does the axillary artery become the brachial artery

A

inferior border of teres major

50
Q

what is the name of the axillary artery once it has passed the inferior border of teres major

A

brachial artery

51
Q

what is the main distal tributary of the axillary vein

A

basilic vein

52
Q

what area does the basilic vein drain from

A

superficial medial aspect of arm/forearm

53
Q

what smaller deeper veins lead off from the basilic vein and follow the artery more intimately

A

brachial vein

54
Q

what is the lateral counterpart to the basilic vein

A

cephalic

55
Q

what area does the cephalic vein drain to

A

drains into the axillary vein higher in the shoulder

56
Q

what is the order of arteries in the flow of blood from the aorta down to the lower arm

A

aorta
subclavian artery
axillary artery
brachial artery

57
Q

what is the order of veins in the flow of blood from the lower arm to the aorta

A

brachial veins -> basilic vein
basilic & cephalic veins -> axillary vein
axillary vein -> subclavian vein

58
Q

which is lateral and which is medial

basilic and cephalic veins

A 
lateral = cephalic
medial = basilic
59
Q

what is the network of major nerves in the shoulder region referred to as

A

brachial plexus

60
Q

the brachial plexus carries nerve fibres from which vertebral levels

A

C5-T1

61
Q

what is the structural organization of nerves from the spine to the distal regions

A

roots -> cords -> terminal nerves

62
Q

what are the 3 cords of the brachial plexus

A

medial
lateral
posterior

63
Q

to which anatomy are the 3 cords of the brachial plexus named respective to

A

axillary artery

64
Q

what are the 5 terminal nerves that are formed from the 3 cords of the brachial plexus

A 
median
ulnar
radial
axillary
musculocutaneous
65
Q

what does the axillary nerve supply

A

deltoid muscle

66
Q

what does the musculocutaneous nerve supply

A

anterior compartment of the arm

67
Q

what is the path of the radial nerve

A

posterior route

spiral around shaft of humerus and emerges laterally at the cubital fossa

68
Q

what type of injury could put the radial nerve at risk

A

mid shaft humeral fracture

69
Q

what are the 3 nerves that make up the sideways M at the shoulder

A

upper line = musculocutaneous
middle line = median
lower line = ulnar

203 MEDIMAGE - HAL (6 decks)

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