2-Coastal Environment Managing ways etc Flashcards
BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE
THE PAST- WHY WERE THERE UNSUCCESSFUL ATTEMPTS TO CONTROL NATURAL COASTAL PROCESSES?
There were unsuccessful events due to poor information and data about these processes and often made the problems worse.
Or the problems were transffered to another part of the coast.
Additionally, these solutions were made for a local scale without regarding the the broader environemnts that influence the coast such as river catchments and marine ecosystems.
WHAT ARE SEAWALLS AND THEIR USES?
Seawalls are solid walls built along the coast to protect the land from erosion by the waves or to trap sand. They are an example of ‘hard engineering’.
WHAT IS ‘HARD ENGINEERING’?
Hard engineering refers to the building of structures to protect coastlines from the erosive effects of waves. Examples are, sea walls, groynes, artificial reefs
WHAT IS A GROYNE CUZ WHY NOT?
A groyne is a shore protection structure built perpendicular to the shoreline of the coast (or river), over the beach and into the shoreface to reduce longshore drift and trap sediments.
DIFFER BETWEEN SOFT ENGINEERING AND HARD ENGINEERING.
Soft engineering are management techniques that use the natural processes of the coast. Usually less expensive and are more sustainable as they have less of an impact on the environment.
WHEREAS hard engineering are techniques that refers to the building of structures such as sea walls, gyrone etc, to protect coastlines from the errosive effects of waves or to trap sand.
**(ON THE OTHER HAND USE COMPARING THING WORDS)
WHAT IS BEACH NOURISHMENT?
Beach nourishment replaces natural beach material such as sand that has been removed by erosion or longshore drift.
IDENTIFY AND DESCRIBE ‘MANAGED RETREAT’
Managed retreat invlves the relocation of human settlements and hard engineering defences so that the natural process of erosion and deposition can take place. Eventhough managed retreat can be inexpensive people located in these areas might not be willing to relocate and should be compensated for ther loss.
WHAT ARE THE 8 PRINCIPLES OF THE ICZM?
ICZM- INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT MADE BY THE UN.
The 8 principles are
Involve all relevant governements
Take a long term view
Use a holisitc approach
Consider local conditions
Work with natural processes
Get people invovled
use a range of approaches
Be prepared to change strategy
