2⃣ Childhood 3) Has The Position Of Children Improved?

Question 0

What do the march of progress view of the improvement of the children’s positions

Answer 0

⚫️aries and shorter
➡️argue children position steadily improving
➡️today is better than ever been
➡️family and society become child centred

Question 1

Who are the two competing views of whether children’s position has improved

Answer 1

⚫️the march of progress view

⚫️marxist and feminists

Question 2

Describe the march of progress view of how families and society became child centred

Answer 2

⚫️children better cared for
➡️in terms of education, psychological and medical needs

⚫️more babies survive now
➡️the infant mortality rate in 1900 was 154
➡️now its 5

⚫️higher living standards and small families
➡️mean parents can afford
➡️to provide for children’s needs

⚫️children are protected from
➡️harm and exploitation
➡️by laws against
➡️child abuse and child labour

Question 3

Who are the conflict view of march of progress view of position of children improvement

Answer 3

⚫️marxist

⚫️feminist

Question 4

Why do marxist and feminist argue against the march of progress view of children position improvi g

Answer 4

⚫️march of progress view is 
➡️over generalised 
➡️idealised image
➡️ignore inequalities among children
➡️and between child and adults

⚫️class, gender and ethnic differences
➡️affect changes in all societies
➡so its hard to speak of improvements
➡️in the position of child in general

Question 5

What do marxist and feminist believe of inequalities among children

Answer 5

⚫️third world children
➡️have different life chances from those in west
➡️in western societies there are:

⚫️gender differences
➡️girls are expected to do more housework

⚫️ethnic differences
➡️asian parents more likely to be strict
➡️towards daughters than sons

⚫️class inequalities
➡️poor children more likely
➡️die in infancy
➡️do badly in school

Question 6

Give a child liberationists view of inequalities between children and adults

Answer 6

⚫️firestone
➡️extensive care and protection
➡️just new forms of oppressions

➡️being banned from paid work
➡️not a benefit to children
➡️but a form of inequality
➡️subjecting them to even greater adult control

Question 7

State a criticism of the child liberationist, firestone view

Answer 7

⚫️ignores how
➡️adults may use their power
➡️to benefit children
➡️e.g.passing laws against child abuse

➡️some adult control is needed
➡️to safeguard children’s interest

Question 8

Describe age patriarchy

Answer 8

⚫️gittins

➡️there is age patriarchy of adult domination
➡️that keeps children subordinate

⚫️E.g adult exercise control over children’s
➡️time- bedtimes

➡️space- where they allowed to go

➡️bodies- what they eat and what they wear

⚫️adults make them economically dependant
➡️by preventing them from working
➡️through child labour laws

⚫️adult control can lead to
➡️physical, sexual, or emotional abuse
➡️over 3000 children are on the child protection register

Question 9

How can children be resistance to the restricted status of ‘child’

Answer 9

⚫by acting older
➡️smoking
➡️drinking alcohol

⚫️hockey and James
➡️modern childhood is a status
➡️that most children want to escape