2) c) ii) amino acid sequence - protein structure

Question 1

Amino acid structure determines?

Answer 1

Amino acid sequence determines protein structure

Question 2

Proteins are ______ of amino acid _______

Answer 2

Proteins are polymers of amino acid
monomers

Question 3

Amino acids are linked by what bonds?
What does a chain of amino acid chain form?

Answer 3

Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds to form polypeptides

Question 4

What are the five things that amino acids R groups vary in?

Answer 4

R groups of amino acids vary in
size
shape
charge
hydrogen bonding capacity
chemical reactivity

Question 5

What is the acidic functional group

Answer 5

-COOH Carboxylic acid (has a negative charge)

Question 6

What is the basic functional group

Answer 6

-NH2 (negatively charged)

Question 7

What is the Polar functional group

Answer 7

-OH Hydroxyl Group

Question 8

What is the Hydrophobic functional group

Answer 8

-CH3 Hydrocarbon

Question 9

What are the four different amino acid R groups an amino acid can have

Answer 9

Polar (OH)
Acidic (COOH negatively-charged)
Basic (NH2 positively-charged)
Hydrophobic (CH3)

Question 10

The wide range of functions carried out by proteins is because?

Answer 10

The wide range of functions carried out by proteins results from the diversity of R groups

Question 11

Define Primary Structure

Answer 11

The primary structure is the sequence in
which the amino acids are synthesised into the polypeptide

Question 12

What results in regions of secondary structures?

Answer 12

Hydrogen bonding along the backbone of the protein strand results in regions of secondary structure
- alpha helices
- parallel or anti parallel beta-pleated
- sheets or turns

Question 13

How does tertiary structure arise?

Answer 13

The polypeptide folds into a tertiary structure
This conformation is stabilised by interactions between R groups:
- hydrophobic interactions
- ionic bonds
- London dispersion forces
- hydrogen bonds
- disulfide bridges

Question 14

What are disulfide bridges?

Answer 14

Disulfide bridges are covalent bonds between R groups containing sulfur.

Question 15

Where do Quaternary Structures arise?

Answer 15

Quaternary structure exists in proteins with two or more connected polypeptide subunits
Quaternary structure describes the spatial arrangement of the subunits.

Question 16

Define Prosthetic Group

Answer 16

A prosthetic group is a non-protein unit tightly
bound to a protein and necessary for its
function

Question 17

The ability for ________ to _____ to ________ is dependent upon the _____-_______ ______ group.

Answer 17

The ability of haemoglobin to bind to oxygen is dependent upon the non-protein haem group.
(basically what its trying to say is that its dependent on haemoglobin affinity to bind to oxygen)

Question 18

How does changing the temperature affect the proteins structure?

Answer 18

Increasing temperature disrupts the
interactions that hold the protein in shape; the protein begins to unfold, eventually becoming denatured.

Question 19

How does pH affect the properties of R groups?

Answer 19

The charges on acidic and basic R groups are affected by pH.
As pH increases or decreases from the
optimum, the normal ionic interactions
between charged groups are lost, which
gradually changes the conformation of the protein until it becomes denatured.

Question 20

What are the two factors which influence the interactions between R groups?

Answer 20

Interactions of the R groups can be
influenced by
-temperature
-pH