2 - ANS Intro (Barker)

Question 1

Contrast organization and neuron types in the ANS.

Answer 1

sympathetic:
short preganglionic –> ACH–> nictinic R –> long postganglionic –> NE –> adrenergic R

parasympathetic:
long preganglionic –> ACH –> nicotinic R –> short postganglionic –> ACH –> muscarinic R

Question 2

What are the major neurotransmitters in the ANS?

Answer 2

symp: ACH, NE
parasymp: ACH, ACH

Question 3

What are some other ways to say “adrenergic?”

Answer 3

mimics NE

sympathomimetic (if agonist, -lytic if antagonist)

Question 4

What are some other ways to say “cholinergic?”

Answer 4

mimics ACh

parasympathomimetic (if agonist, -lytic if antagonist)

Question 5

What are the two types of cholinergic receptors?

Answer 5

nicotinic and muscarinic

Question 6

Describe the structure and signal transduction of nicotinic receptors.

Answer 6

ligand-gated ion channels
allows Na to flow IC
depolarize membrane
if reach threshold then action potential

Question 7

Describe the structure and muscarinic receptors.

Answer 7

GPCRs
M1, M3, M5 (glands, SM):
Gq –> PLC –> Ca2+ and PKC

Question 8

Describe the structure, distribution, and signal transduction of M1, M3, M5 muscarinic receptors.

Answer 8

GPCRs
M1, M3, M5 (glands, SM):
Gq –> PLC –> cleave PIP 2 into IP3 and DAG

IP3 –> Ca2+ –> CaM –> CaM-E*

DAG–> PKC –> S-P

Question 9

Describe the structure, tissue distribution, and signal transduction of M2 muscarinic receptors.

Answer 9

GPCR
heart
ACh released into synapse
Galphai –> decr AC –> decr cAMP –> decr PKA –> decr Ca2+ (plasma membrane) act

Gbetagamma –> incr activation of K+ channel –> hyperpolarization –> decr’d HR

Question 10

Describe the strucure and signal transduction of alpha1 adrenergic receptors.

Answer 10

GPCR
Gq –> PLC –> IP3 and DAG
IP3–>Ca2+ –> CaM-E
DAG–>PKC

Question 11

Describe the structure and signal transduction of alpha2 adrenergic receptors.

Answer 11

GPCR
Gi
alphai –> decr AC –> decr cAMP –> decr PKA

Question 12

Describe the structure and signal transduction of beta adrenergic receptors.

Answer 12

GPCR
Gs
alphas –> incr AC –> incr cAMP –incr PKA

Question 13

What are the ANS receptors and responses on the heart?

Answer 13

contraction rate/force

symp: incr B1/B2
parasymp: decr M2

Question 14

What are the ANS receptors and responses on the arteries?

Answer 14

symp: vasoconstrict a1

Question 15

What are the ANS receptors and responses on the arteries?

Answer 15

symp: vasoconstrict a1
parasymp: n/a

Question 16

What are the ANS receptors and responses on vascular in the skeletal muscle?

Answer 16

symp: dilate beta 2
parasym: n/a

Question 17

What are the ANS receptors and responses on the vasculature endothelium?

Answer 17

symp: n/a
parasym: release EDRF M3

Question 18

What are the ANS receptors and responses on the lungs?

Answer 18

bronchiolar SM

symp: bronchodilate, B2
parasymp: bronchoconstrict M2,3

Question 19

What are the ANS receptors and responses on the pregnant uterus?

Answer 19

symp: relax B2
parasymp: variable

Question 20

What are the ANS receptors and responses on the salivary glands?

Answer 20

symp: incr secr a1
parasymp: incr secr M3

Question 21

What are the ANS receptors and responses on the smooth muscle walls?

Answer 21

symp: relax a2, B2
parasymp: constrict M2,3

Question 22

What are the ANS receptors and responses on the SM sphincters?

Answer 22

symp: contr B1
parasymp: relax M2,3

Question 23

What are the ANS receptors and responses on GI secr?

Answer 23

symp: inhib secr a2
parasymp: incr secr M2,3

Question 24

What are the ANS receptors and responses on the smooth muscle of the hair follicle?

Answer 24

symp: contr, piloerection a1
parasymp: –

Question 25

What are the ANS receptors and responses on the sweat glands?

Answer 25

parasymp:—
symp:
thermoreg incr secr M3
aprocrine (stress) incr secr a1

Question 26

What are the ANS receptors and responses on the radial muscle of the iris?

Answer 26

symp: contr a1
para: n/a
- -> dilation –> mydriasis

Question 27

What are the ANS receptors and responses on the circular muscle of the iris ?

Answer 27

symp: n/a
parasymp: contr M3 –> miosis

Question 28

What are the ANS receptors and responses on the ciliary muscle of the eye?

Answer 28

symp: [relax B2]
para: contr M3

Question 29

What are the ANS receptors and responses on the ciliary epithelium?

Answer 29

symp: incr aq humor B2
para: n/a

Question 30

What are the ANS receptors and responses on the kidney?

Answer 30

symp: incr renin secr B1
para: n/a

Question 31

Contrast symp and parasymp control of the eye w emphasis on pupillary size.

Answer 31

symp: a1 activation of radial iris muscle –> miadryasis
parasymp: m3 activation of circular iris muscle –> miosis

Question 32

Contrast symp and parasymp control of the eye w emphasis on lens refractive power.

Answer 32

ciliary muscle has radial and circular components that can put pressure on the lens to change its shape
M3 –> contraction
[beta2 –> relaxation]

Question 33

Contrast symp and parasymp control of the eye w emphasis on lens aqueous humor production.

Answer 33

B2–> incr secr of aq humor

para n/a

Question 34

An M3 agonist will cause __ of the pupil d/t contraction of ___ muscles. An antagonist?

Answer 34

miosis
circular
myadriasis

Question 35

An alpha1 agonist will cause __ of the pupil d/t contraction of ___ muscles. An antagonist?

Answer 35

myadriasis

miosis