α2-agonists

Question 1

Xylazine

Answer 1

Fast absorption, good distribution. Transport: bound to plasma proteins
Onset: on IV a few mins, IM 10-15 mins
Metabolized in liver ——> urine
Duration of sedation : 0,5-1h (half life: 36.5 mins)

All domestic animals. Sedative - anelgesic drug, depressed motor act.
SE : emesis & vomiting (dog,cat), bradycardia, sweating (horse), tympani (ru), ecbolic action (abortion)
Dose : dogs 1-2 mg/kg IM, cats 3 mg/kg IM

Question 2

Detomidine

Answer 2

Fast absorption, good distribution, bound to plasma proteins (transport).
Onset : IV immediately, IM a few mins
Metabolized : liver ——> urine
Duration : 1 (-6)h

Eq use!! No loss of consciousness!
SE : hypertension -> hypotension, bradycardia, resp depression, diuresis, hypothermia, sweating, snoring, tremor

USE : alone / combo with ketamine, thiopentone, opioids
Dosage : 10-80 μg/kg IM or IV, 40 μg/kg PO

Question 3

Medetomidine

Answer 3

Fast absorption, good distribution, bound to plasma proteins (85%).
Onset : IV immediately, IM a few mins
Metabolized : liver ——> urine
Duration : 0,75 - 1,5 h

Cats & Dogs !! Similar to xylazine, but safer. DM (premedication is needed).
Dosage : M dogs 10-80 μg/kg IM (alone), 10-20 μg/kg IV (combo),
cats 50-150 μg/kg IM

Question 4

Romifidineromifidine

Answer 4

Horse (IV / IM), dog & cat
Onset : 2-4 mins IV, 10-20 mins IM.
Sedation is longer and causes less ataxia than xylazine & detomidine

Question 5

α2- antagonists

Answer 5

Atipamezole

Yohimbine

Question 6

Atipamezole

Answer 6

α2-adrenoreceptor blocking (reverse eff of medetomidine).
Dogs & Cats
SE : tachycardia transient hypotension, hypothermia, vomiting, defecation, panting, muscle tremor
Contraindication : ketamin-medetomidine

Dose : horse 150 μg/kg, dogs X5 & cats X2.5 the dose of medetomidin

Question 7

Yohimbine

Answer 7

Less specific α2-antagonist, but significant α1-antagonist. Reverse the eff of xylazine.
In conjunction with Fampiridine —> release of NT.