2. A theoretical basis for a constraints-led approach

Question 1

How does order emerge in complex physical, chemical and

biological systems as they change over time?

That is: how do they evolve, adapt, develop, mature,

alter, modify, adjust and (re) organize?

Answer 1

The surrounding energy patterns in an environment act as

information that pressures(i.e. constrains) complex systems to adapt

over different timescales (milliseconds to millennia), resulting in different interactive patterns

emerging between system components.

Question 2

To understand the rationale and time and place for

manipulating constraints, we must know the…?

Answer 2

How, when, what, and why issues for using constraints

manipulations, and whom for individual.

Question 3

What is Self-organisation?

Answer 3

Self-organization refers to the spontaneous readjustment and

adaptation of system components to changes in other parts of the system,

without the need for external micro-management of each component.

Question 4

How does order emerge in complex physical, chemical,

and biological systems as they change over time?

That is: how do they evolve, adapt, develop,

mature, alter, modify, adjust and (re) organize?

Answer 4

The answer lies in the surrounding energy patterns in an environment that

act as information that pressures (i.e. constrains) complex systems to adapt

over different timescales (milliseconds, minutes, weeks, months, years

and millennia), resulting in different interactive patterns emerging between system components.

Question 5

What is the constraint and how can we

best understood them in neutral terms?

Answer 5

When we focus on a feature of the environment this acts as information

to shape or guide the (re) organization of a complex adaptive system. They are boundaries

that shape the form/structure of a biological system searching for a functional state of organization

(i.e. a state of organization that can help the system achieve task goals such as moving into space,

avoiding other objects or intercepting an object or balancing on a surface). Any change in the internal

or external interacting constraints has the potential to interrupt the system and cause instability,

thereby promoting a re-organization of the movement system.

Question 6

What is the importance of context

for understanding performance and learning?

Answer 6

The person–environment relationship is the appropriate scale of analysis

for understanding human behavior.In sport, this means that the

athlete–environment relationship forms the basis of understanding

performance and development, rather than the focus on personal qualities only.