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OS Test 1 > 2 > Flashcards

2 Flashcards

1
Q

when were xrays used diagnostically

A

1896

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2
Q

when did local anesthetics become populat

A

late 1800s

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3
Q

what was heroic medicine

A

medicine before osteopathy used to preserve life force

stimulants- given to drowsy pts
hypnotics- given to agitated pts

purgatives and cathartics were rampent, as well as blood letting

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4
Q

conquer dz

A

if enough force or drugs were used, it would cast out demons

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5
Q

when did at still and fam move?

A

1830’s

MO

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6
Q

what did AT study

A

ministry and med from his dad. at the time, education was mainly apprenticeship and little class time

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7
Q

becomes the first state to legally

license DOs, then North Dakota

A

vermont

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8
Q

Missouri grants DO’s licensure

A

1897

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9
Q

goal of OMT

A

remove somatic dysfunction and restore homeostasis

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10
Q

somatic system

A

SAM

skeletal
arthoidial
myofascial

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11
Q

systems related to somatic system

A

VLAN

vascular
lymphatics
neural

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12
Q

__________ disrupts unity of body mind and spirit

A

somatic dysfx

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13
Q

___________ impairs bodys ability to self-regulate, heal and maintain

A

somatic dysfx

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14
Q

osteopathic philosophy: DOs treat what?

A

DO whole patient

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15
Q

what is homeostasis?

A

level of well-being of an individual is maintained by INTERNAL physiologic harmony that is a result of a stable state among the interdependent body functions

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16
Q

are somatic dysfxs unique?

A

yes

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17
Q

must all of tart be present to diagnose a somatic dysfx

A

no. any 1 of TART

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18
Q

bogginess

A

tissue texture abnormality characterized by spongy tissue due to increased fluid content

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19
Q

tissue texture abnormality represents combo of which signs

A 
vasodilation
edema
flaccidity
hypertonicity
contracture
fibrosis
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20
Q

tissue texture abnormality is assx with the following sx

A

itching
pain
tenderness
paresthesias

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21
Q

tone

A

normal feel of relaxed muscle

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22
Q

what can tone be contrasted w

A

hypertonicity

hypotonicity

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23
Q

hypertonicity

A

at extreme

spastic paralysis

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24
Q

hypotonicity

A

no tone at all.

flaccid paralysis

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25
Q

contraction

A

normal tone of muscle when it shortens or activated against resistance

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26
Q

contracture

A

abnormal shortening of muscle due to fibrosis, most often in the tissue itself.

muscle can no longer reach normal length

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27
Q

contracture is often a result of what

A

chronic condition

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28
Q

spasm

A

abnormal, sudden and involuntary m contraction maintained beyond physiological need.

results in abnormal mtn.

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29
Q

ropiness

A

hard, firm, rope like muscle tone

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30
Q

ropiness indicates what

A

chronic condiiton

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31
Q

acute vascular tissue texture abnormality

A

inflamed vessel wall injury; endogenous peptide released

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32
Q

chronic vascular tissue texture abnormality

A

sympathetic tone increases

vascular constriction

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33
Q

acute ympathetic TT change

A

local vasoconstriction, overpowered by local chm release. net effect is vasodilation

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34
Q

chronic sympathetic TT change

A

vasoconstriction
hypersympathetic tone
may be regional

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35
Q

acute musclarature TT change

A

locan increase in tone, muscle contraction, spasm- mediated by spindle activity

36
Q

chronic musclarature TT change

A

decreased muscle tone
flaccid
limited ROM due to contracture

37
Q

asymettry

A

absence of symmery in POSITION or MOTION

38
Q

how can we determine asymmetry

A

vision

palpation

39
Q

AB (anatomic barrier)

A

limit of motion imposed by anatomical structure

40
Q

PB physiologic barrier

A

limit of active motion

41
Q

elastic barrier

A

range in between physiogic and anatomic barrier

42
Q

what is the area that warms up with stretch

A

elastic barrier

43
Q

restrictive barrier

A

functional limit that abnormally diminishes the physiologic range

44
Q

PROM

A

patient relax and you must block linkage of assx structures

45
Q

what is block the linkage?

A

stabilization of associated and adjacent structures so that you can focus only of the joint you are accessing.

46
Q

what is more: PROM or AROM

A

PROM because the patients muscles are relaxed

47
Q

how does somatic dys alter ROM

A

adds a restrictive barrier, decreasing the physiologic range

48
Q

AROM

A

motion by patient, reaching physiological barrier

49
Q

PROM

A

motion by DO, reaching anatomical barrier

50
Q

end feel

A

palpatory experience when a joint is moved to its limit

51
Q

ex of restricted ROM and abnormal end feel

A
  1. early muscle spasms
  2. Late muscle spasms
  3. Hard capsular
  4. Soft capsular
52
Q

early muscle spasms

A

protective spasms after injury

empty, guarding

53
Q

late muscle spasms

A

chronic spasms; chronic tissue changes

54
Q

hard capsular

A

frozen shoulder

55
Q

soft capsular

A

synovitis- swelling of knee after injury

56
Q

how do you know when you are at end feel

A

experience

57
Q

to look at skin vs muscle, we should consider

A

tissue movement

58
Q

to look at muscle vs bone, we should consider

A

deep palpation

59
Q

what is tenderness

A

pain or discomfort elicited by DO through palpation

60
Q

pain

A

unpleasant senation caused by noxious stimuli and received by specialized nerve endings.

61
Q

acute tenderness

pain

visceral fx

visceral dysfx

A

pain is sharp, severe,

Min somatoviseral effects

visceral dysfunction may/may not be present

62
Q

Chronic tenderness

pain

visceral fx

visceral dysfx

A

pain is dull, ache, paresthesia
9tingling, burning, gnawing, itching

somatovisceral effects are common

visceral dysfx is involved in somatic dysfx

63
Q

acute TART

TTA

Asymmetry

Restriction

Tenderness

A
  1. red, swollen, boggy, increased tone
  2. asymmetry present
  3. restriction is present and painful w motion
  4. sharp pain
64
Q

chronic TART

TTA

Asymmetry

Restriction

Tenderness

A
  1. dry, cool, ropy, pale, decreased tone
  2. asymmetry is present but compensation occurs
  3. Restriction is present but maybe not. may be garded or empty
  4. pain is dull and achy
65
Q

Tenderpoints

A

small discrete hypersensitive areas within myofascial structures that result in localized pain

66
Q

Trigger points

A

small discrete hypersensitive areas within myofascial structures which palpation causes reffered pain away from site

67
Q

what is the goal of OMT

A

remove SD and restore homeostasis

68
Q

how are somatic dysfunctions named

A

position of ease

where they live

69
Q

somatic dysfunction results in

A

local changed in skeletal, arthroidal, myofascial, neural, lympathic and vascular structure.

70
Q

omt indications

A

somatic dysfunction and or visceral dysfunction

71
Q

adverse reactions

A

soreness similar to workout, acute illness

exacerbation of current complaints

72
Q

precautions

A

cancer

frailty due to severity, dz, youth and or elderly

73
Q

recommendations

A

rest 1-4 days, hydration 1-2 liters per day

74
Q

when are direct techniques contraindicated

A

ligamentous laxity states

75
Q

role of omt in biochemical model

A

optimize myofascial and joint fx

76
Q

role of omt in neurologival

A

remove neurologic imbalance

77
Q

role of omt in respiratory/circulatory

A

maximize fx

78
Q

role of omt in metabolic

A

structure and fx are recipricolly related

79
Q

role of omt in behavior

A

more of a cause than effect.

how we spend out ime affects the above 4.

the exerces teaches patients to tx themselves

80
Q

direct techniques

A

action engaging the restrictive barrier directly

81
Q

indirect techniques

A

action involving postitioning away from the restrictive barrier

82
Q

direct omt techniques

A 
MFR
INR
ST
MET
HVLA
Visceral
83
Q

combo OMT techniques

A

MFR

Still

84
Q

Indirect OMT techniques

A

MFR
INR
BLT/LAS
FPR

85
Q

does somatic dysfx impaire the 4 tenants

A

yes

86
Q

acute somatic dysfunction is characterized by

A 
vasoDILATION
edema
-tenderness
-pain 
-tissue contraction

OS Test 1 (6 decks)

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