(!) 2:7 Social and cultural change - Content Flashcards
What attitude about women from the 1950s continued into the 1960s?
That women had the duty of being a good wife and mother, keeping a clean home and feeding her children and husband.
The growth of feminism in Britain led to more women…
going into higher education, particularly middle class women
Despite more women attending university, few women…
reached managerial posts
In 1970, what % of students in higher education were female?
28%
In 1970, what % of people in managerial posts were female?
5%
What was education like for most working-class girls?
Their education still had much focus on the domestic sphere and girls frequently left school at the minimum age, marrying young.
Although there were plenty of jobs available to women, they were predominantly…
in the clerical and service sector with no prospects for promotion and poor pay
Why were many women put off from being a working mother?
The media often portrayed working mothers as unnatural and selfish
Why was it not possible for many mothers to work?
They had to take care of their children, as childminders were rare and private nurseries could only be afforded by the wealthy
What did the National Health Service (Family Planning) Act of 1967 do?
It allowed local authorities to provide contraceptives and contraceptive advice for the first time
What were 3 trends partly caused by the increased availability of contraception?
> The number of illegitimate births rose (5.8% in 1960, 8.2% in 1970)
> The number of marriages ending in divorce rose
> There became less children up for adoption, as there were less unwanted children being born
When did the contraceptive pill become available on the NHS?
1961
At first, why was the pill mainly prescribed to older women who already had children or didn’t want any more?
The government didn’t want to be seen to be encouraging promiscuity or ‘free love’
From what year were family planning clinics allowed to prescribe the pill to single women?
1974
The widespread availability of the pill allowed both men and women to…
have control over their reproductive health and to choose when they want to have a child
What were the Dagenham protests?
When 187 female workers for Ford’s Dagenham factory went on strike in 1968 after their work was classed as ‘unskilled labour’ and were paid significantly lower than the male factory workers
What did the Dagenham protests help to enforce?
The strike gained widespread attention and was a precursor to the Equal Pay Act of 1970
What did the Equal Pay Act of 1970 do?
It established the principle of equal pay for equal work; making it illegal to have separate pay scales for men and women based on their sex. However, it did not come into force until 1975.
How much progress had the female equality movement made by the end of the 1960s?
Inequalities and discrimination against women still existed and the traditional stereotyping of roles remained strong
What other culture was seen in the permissive society?
The new drug culture
Cocaine and heroin addiction was _ times more prevalent in the first half of the 1960s.
ten
What was more commonplace by the end of the 1960s?
The use of soft drugs
What was the ‘hippy lifestyle’?
A movement with an emphasis on peace, ‘free love’ and ‘flower power’. They often experimented with drugs, particularly LSD, and music.
A new youth culture emerged, who were more inclined to question norms and reject social conventions. What may have caused this? (3 things)
> Increased affluence, living standards
Increased availability of education
Growth of leisure time
