2-6 Month Development Flashcards
What is indicated if a jump of more then 2 growth lines is seen?
Can indicate pathology
What is the normal pattern of growth following birth?
Normal infants may have up to a 10% drop in weight following birth. This should be regained by 10 days of life.
How much weight will infants gain the first 4 months of life?
Infants will gain about 30 grams per day (an ounce).
If surveillance questions demonstrate a risk for delay , what should be done?
A screening test should be administered.
Assessment tools generally look at:
Gross Motor, Fine Motor, Personal-Social, Cognitive (Language & Problem Solving)
Which parameter is closely tied with proper cognitive development?
Speech
Any deficits in speech should trigger what assessment?
A hearing assessment even if they passed their birth hearing screen.
When does screening for autism occur and what is the screening tool?
Screening for autism occurs between 18-24 months.
Modified Checklist for Autism (M-CHAT) is the gold standard screening tool
What med should Infants be started on between birth to 2 months?
multivitamin
Developmental milestones from newborn - 2 weeks?
social – regards face, social smile
fine motor - grasp reflex, tracks past midline
language - vocalizes (cries, coos), alerts to bell
gross motor - moves head side to side, lifts shoulders when prone
What is colic?
<3 months with at least 3 hours of crying at least 3 days a week. Dx of exclusion
Crying pattern over first weeks of life
Increases during 2 week to 9 week time period. Peaks at 6 weeks.
Normal breathing pattern of newborn
newborns pause normally during breathing
occurs both during feeding and when not feeding
What is considered apnea in the newborn?
> 20 seconds without discernible air exchange
can be accompanied by cyanosis
distinguish perioral vs. labial/lingual cyanosis
all cyanosis is serious regardless of whether apnea is concurrent
SIDS peak incidence
1-4 months
Risk Factors for SIDS
male gender low birth weight lower socioeconomic status maternal smoking seasonal distribution/winter young maternal age high parity single parenthood multiple gestation prematurity unsafe sleep conditions
4 month old developmental milestones
social – looks at hand, copies facial expressions, happy
fine motor – reaches for object
language - laughs, squeals
gross motor- chest-up with arm support, holds head steady, no head lag; works for toy, rolls front to back
4 month old primitive reflexes
Moro – disappears by 4 to 6 months
rooting – disappears by 4 to 6 months
sucking – replaced by voluntary sucking
grasp reflex – disappears by 3 to 4 months (plantar 6-15 months)
asymmetric tonic neck reflex – disappears by 2 to 3 months
When can parents start to introduce table foods?
around 4-6 months of age
What is the most common cause for chronic tearing in newborns?
Dacryostenosis
What causes dacryostenosis?
Caused by congenital narrowing of the tear duct that prevent proper tear drainage. Duct still developing.
What is the presentation of dacryostenosis?
chronic tearing, conjunctiva are generally clear, and the patient should not be in discomfort
When does dacryostenosis generally clear up by? If it does not clear up/symptoms are concerning, what should you do?
Should clear up by 6 mo of age.
If persists after 6 mo or symptoms seem more concerning (swelling, skin discoloration, signs of infection) then refer to opthalmology.
What differentiates candida diaper dermatitis from irritant diaper dermatitis.
Satellite lesions
*be sure to look at mouth and other areas where fungus can spread.
Treatment for Seborrheic Dermatitis (Cradle Cap)
Nothing – if mild can self resolve
Mineral Oil (Emollient) – if just to head
Hydrocortisone x 1 week – if red
Anti-Fungal Cream or shampoo x 2 weeks
