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Boards Study > 2 > Flashcards

2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a root trunk?

A

The section of root nearest the crown from which multiple roots emerge. Primary and single rooted teeth don’t have them.

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2
Q

What happened to PDL with age?

A

The width decreases

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3
Q

Where is local infiltration most effective?

A

In areas of thin bone - incisor area (especially if there’s perio)

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4
Q

Secondary Dentin

A

formed after root formation and throughout life

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5
Q

Primary Dentin

A

laid down during tooth formation, ends when root is complete

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6
Q

Tertiary Dentin

A

Laid in response to trauma (highly irregular)

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7
Q

Features of Mand. 1st Premolar

A

Root length shorter than 2nd premolar and muchness than lower canine
Single root
Wider BL
Midroot cross-section is ovoid

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8
Q

The free gingiva

A

extends from the attached gingiva to the gingival crest. It thickens is from the mucogingival junction to the free gingival groove.

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9
Q

Pulp chamber

A

the portion of pulp cavity in the anatomical crown

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10
Q

Pulp cavity

A

the entirety of the pulp

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11
Q

Max. 2nd molar root config.

A

1 canal per root, 3 roots

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12
Q

Mand. 1st molar root config.

A

2 root canals in m root. 1 in d (70%) the other 30% have 2 canals per root

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13
Q

Mand. 2nd molar root config.

A

2 canals in m, 1 in d

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14
Q

What tooth has the greatest FL width?

A

Max canine, also longest root

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15
Q

Features of Max. 2nd Premolar

A 
Ovoid in cross sections
Wider BL
single root
similar root length to Max 1st premolar
often deflected D in apical portion
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16
Q

What happens to pulp with age?

A

Chamber shrinks

Collagen density increases

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17
Q

Which tooth has a rounded plural outline in both cervicl and mid root cross sections?

A

Max. lateral

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18
Q

Tell me about the long ciliary nerves

A

They are branches of nasociliary (V1)
Provide sensory to cornea and eye
Sympathetic stimulation induced pupil dilation

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19
Q

What are the branches of nasociliary nerve?

A

“Serious People Like Interesting Art” (And look down their noses)

Sensory root of ciliary ganglion
Posterior ethmoidal nerve
Long ciliary nerve
Infratrochlear nerve
Anterior ethmoidal nerve
20
Q

Tell me about the lesser petrosal nerve

A

It’s a branch of CN IX
Parasympathetic to parotid
Synapses in otic ganglion
Post-ganglion fibers travel with auriculotemporal to parotid

21
Q

what is the isthmus of fauces?

A

The area bordered by palatoglossus and palatopharyngeus.

22
Q

What does genioglossus do?

A

protrudes the tongue

23
Q

What does palatoglossus do?

A

elevates the posterior tongue

24
Q

What does hyoglossus do?

A

depresses and retracts the tongue

25
Q

What does styloglossus do?

A

retracts and elevates the tongue

26
Q

Which muscle of the tongue is not innervated by CN XII?

A

palatoglossus, it’s CN X

27
Q

What are the medial rotators at the glenohumeral joint?

A

teres major, subscapularis, lattisimus dorsi, and anterior fibers of deltoid

28
Q

Teres Major

A

medial/lateral rotation of glenohumeral joint, adduction, and extension of humerus

innervated by lower subscapular nerve
blood from subcapular & circumflex scapular arteries

29
Q

Lateral Pterygoid

A

Protrusion of mandible
Only muscle of mastication involves in depressing mandible
Origin: Infratemporal crest of sphenoid bone & lateral pterygoid plate
Insertion: articular disk and condylar neck

30
Q

Temporalis

A

Elevates and retracts mandible
Origin: temporal lines of parietal bone
Insertion: coronoid process

31
Q

Medial Pterygoid

A

Initial closure of mandible
Origin: super to the medial surface of the lateral pterygoid plate
Insertion: medial side of ramus

32
Q

Mylohyoid

A

Forms floor of mouth

Prevents spread of infection (Ludwig’s angina)

33
Q

What are muscles arise from the common tendinous ring (Annulus of Zinn)?

A

The four recti

34
Q

Superior oblique

A

from body of sphenoid

35
Q

Inferior Oblique

A

from maxilla

36
Q

Levator palpebrae superioris

A

from sphenoid

37
Q

What lies superficial and deep to the hyoglossus muscle?

A

Superficial: hyoglossal nerve
Deep: Lingual artery

38
Q

Levator veli palatini

A

Arises from temporal bone
Elevates soft palate
Innervated by pharyngeal branch of vagus

39
Q

Where are the palatine tonsils?

A

Between the pillars of fauces.

40
Q

What are mature skeletal muscle fibers (myofibers)?

A

Multinucleated syncytia formed from multiple fused myoblasts

41
Q

How are smooth and cardiac muscle cells similar?

A

They have 1 centrally located nucleus.

42
Q

How is the sarcomere organized?

A

I-Band - thin-filaments
A-Band - encompassed H zone, thick & thin filaments overlap
Z-Line - middle of I-band, border of sarcomere
H zone - within A-band, thick filaments only
M-line - in middle of A-Band & H zone, marks middle of sarcomere

43
Q

How does the size of actin compare to myosin?

A

It’s about half the size

44
Q

Temporomandibular Ligament

A

Runs downward and backward in an oblique direction order to insert itself to the lateral and posterior aspect of the condyle neck, thereby reinforcing the lateral side of the joint.
It’s the main ligament responsible for the initiation of condylar translation along the glenoid fossa, & dictates the limits of mandibular opening and retrusion.

45
Q

Stylomandibular and Sphenomandibular Ligaments

A

Accessories, help limit the event of mouth opening

46
Q

Hyoid Attachments: Superior to Inferior, lateral to medial

A 
Constrictor (middle)
Hyoglossus
Digastric
Stylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Mylohyoid
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid
Sternohyoid

“Can I Have Dessert? Some Grumpy Man Took Our Shortcake.”

47
Q

What are the primary elevator muscles of the mandible?

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Medial Pterygoid (forms a sling around the mandible with the masseter)
Lateral Pterygoid (lowers and opens)

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