1

Question 1

Flexion is a bend in what?

Answer 1

The root only.

Question 2

Hypercementosis is caused by?

Answer 2

Irritating factors

Question 3

Max 2nd Premolar Features

Answer 3

Central groove sometimes just a pit
Distal deflections of roots common
Sometimes 2 roots (B&L)
Root sometimes penetrated antrum
Occlusal outline: hexagonal, diamond, ovoid

Question 4

Contour Lines of Owen

Answer 4

Caused by birth

Question 5

Lines of Von Ebner

Answer 5

Incremental lines, evenly spaced in dentin

Question 6

Granular Layer of Tomes

Answer 6

Optical illusion created by looping of tubules near CDJ

Question 7

Striae of Retzius

Answer 7

Growth bands in enamel

Question 8

Max 1st Premolar Features

Answer 8

If it has 3 roots: 2B & 1P

Question 9

Ludwig’s Angina

Answer 9

Life Threatening Cellulitis in the sublingual/submental/submandibular space

Symptoms: swelling in floor of mouth, fever, difficulty swallowing

Roots of mandibular molars (usually 3rds) lay below the mylohyoid line cause this.

Question 10

In which developmental phase do anodontia and supernumerary teeth take effect?

Answer 10

lamina phase

Question 11

Compound odontoma

Answer 11

enamel, dentin, & cementum are separated

Question 12

Complex odontoma

Answer 12

enamel, dentin, & cementum are mixed

Question 13

What are the 2 types of mandibular 3rd molars?

Answer 13

Type I - 4 cusps, like 2nd molar
Type II - 5 cusps, like 1st molar

1 & 2 roots are common

Question 14

What is the most abundant protein in the body?

Answer 14

Collagen! It’s 25-35% of the body. 90% of it is Type I.

Question 15

What is Type I collagen in?

Answer 15

skin, tendons, vascular ligature, organs, bone

Question 16

What is Type II collagen in?

Answer 16

cartilage

Question 17

What is Type III collagen in?

Answer 17

reticulate

Question 18

What is Type IV collagen in?

Answer 18

bases of cell basement membrane

Question 19

What is Type V collagen in?

Answer 19

cell surfaces, hair, placenta

Question 20

What is granulation tissue made of?

Answer 20

connective tissue, and tiny vascular components, it’s densely infiltrated with plasma cells but they aren’t part of it

Question 21

What are the retroperitoneal organs?

Answer 21

They’re behind the peritoneum and suspended by mesentery:

```
Adrenal glands
Rectum
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Esophagus
Aorta
Pancreas
ARK-U-BEAP
~~~

Question 22

Fibrous CT is made of what?

Answer 22

Collagen, Fibronection, Elastin, Vimentin, Laminin

Question 23

Where is the Sublingual Space and what’s in it?

Answer 23

It’s beneath the sublingual papilla.
The sublingual gland & submandibular duct, lingual nerve, lingual artery, glossopharyngeal & hypoglossal nerve are in it.
Posteriorly, it communicates with the submandibular space.

Question 24

Does the epidermis contain any blood vessels?

Answer 24

No

Question 25

What are the five layers of the epidermis?

Answer 25

Stratum corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum spinosum
Stratum basale

Question 26

What glands are a distinct feature of the duodenum?

Answer 26

Submucosal glands, also called Brunner’s glands. They secret bicarbonate containing mucus

Question 27

What expels a fully matured ovum?

Answer 27

Graafian/ovarian follicles

Question 28

Tell me about hyaluronic acid.

Answer 28

It’s a chief component of the extracellular matrix. It’s degraded by hyaluronidase (which increases tissue permeability).

Question 29

What is the difference between skeletal and smooth muscle proteins?

Answer 29

Skeletal muscle has troponin, smooth muscle has calmodulin

Question 30

Tell me about hyaline cartilage.

Answer 30

It’s the most common kind-in joints, ribs, and throat. Has only type II collagen.

Question 31

Tell me about fibrocartilage .

Answer 31

It’s in TMJ, pelvis, and intervertebral discs. Type I and II collagen.

Question 32

Tell me about elastic cartilage.

Answer 32

It’s in outer ear, larynx, and epiglottis. Has only Type II collagen.

Question 33

What parts of esophagus have skeletal muscle?

Answer 33

Upper and middle thirds.

Question 34

What layers around muscles contain blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics.

Answer 34

Perimysium and endomysium.

Question 35

What are the components of thin/actin filaments?

Answer 35

G-actin
Tropomyosin
Troponin
Alpha-actinin-Z-line anchor
Nebulin - thin filament stabilizer
(GT-TAN)

Question 36

What are the components of myosin/thick filaments?

Answer 36

250-400 myosin molecules (2 heavy chains, 4 light chains)

Titin (connectin) - anchors myosin to Z-line for stability

Question 37

Where does the needle go in a mandibular nerve block?

Answer 37

At or superior to level of lingula
Lateral to the muscle fibers of the medial pterygoid
Not beyond the auriculotemporal nerve

Question 38

Tell me about Type III collagen.

Answer 38

Organizes in fibrils and fibers

Question 39

Tell me about Type II collagen

Answer 39

fibrils only

Question 40

Tell me about Type I collagen

Answer 40

fibrils, fibers, bundles

Question 41

What kind of tissue is enamel?

Answer 41

The only mineralized epithelial tissue (bone, dentin, and cementum are all mineralized CT and contain collagen )

Question 42

What are tonsils?

Answer 42

Collections of lymphoid tissue located in the oropharynx and nasopharynx. They serve as first line of defense there.
They are surrounded by CT and don’t have sinuses.

Question 43

What kind of exudates are there?

Answer 43

Purulent/Suppurative - pus
Fibrinous - contains fibrinogen and fibrin
Catarrhal - high mucus content
Malignant - pleural effusion is present

Question 44

How is collagen synthesized?

Answer 44

Pro collagen -> Tropocollagen ->differentiation

Question 45

What is a germinal center?

Answer 45

An area in a lymph node where B lymphocytes continuously develop. They are active during infections..