1 Flashcards by Luke Bauserman

Flexion is a bend in what?

The root only.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hypercementosis is caused by?

Irritating factors

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Max 2nd Premolar Features

Central groove sometimes just a pit
Distal deflections of roots common
Sometimes 2 roots (B&amp;L)
Root sometimes penetrated antrum
Occlusal outline: hexagonal, diamond, ovoid

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Contour Lines of Owen

Caused by birth

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Lines of Von Ebner

Incremental lines, evenly spaced in dentin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Granular Layer of Tomes

Optical illusion created by looping of tubules near CDJ

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Striae of Retzius

Growth bands in enamel

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Max 1st Premolar Features

If it has 3 roots: 2B & 1P

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Ludwig’s Angina

Life Threatening Cellulitis in the sublingual/submental/submandibular space

Symptoms: swelling in floor of mouth, fever, difficulty swallowing

Roots of mandibular molars (usually 3rds) lay below the mylohyoid line cause this.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In which developmental phase do anodontia and supernumerary teeth take effect?

lamina phase

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Compound odontoma

enamel, dentin, & cementum are separated

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Complex odontoma

enamel, dentin, & cementum are mixed

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the 2 types of mandibular 3rd molars?

Type I - 4 cusps, like 2nd molar
Type II - 5 cusps, like 1st molar

1 & 2 roots are common

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the most abundant protein in the body?

Collagen! It’s 25-35% of the body. 90% of it is Type I.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Type I collagen in?

skin, tendons, vascular ligature, organs, bone

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Type II collagen in?

cartilage

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Type III collagen in?

reticulate

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Type IV collagen in?

bases of cell basement membrane

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Type V collagen in?

cell surfaces, hair, placenta

What is granulation tissue made of?

connective tissue, and tiny vascular components, it’s densely infiltrated with plasma cells but they aren’t part of it

What are the retroperitoneal organs?

They’re behind the peritoneum and suspended by mesentery:

```
Adrenal glands
Rectum
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Esophagus
Aorta
Pancreas
ARK-U-BEAP
~~~

Fibrous CT is made of what?

Collagen, Fibronection, Elastin, Vimentin, Laminin

Where is the Sublingual Space and what’s in it?

It’s beneath the sublingual papilla.
The sublingual gland & submandibular duct, lingual nerve, lingual artery, glossopharyngeal & hypoglossal nerve are in it.
Posteriorly, it communicates with the submandibular space.

Does the epidermis contain any blood vessels?

What are the five layers of the epidermis?

``` Stratum corneum Stratum lucidum Stratum granulosum Stratum spinosum Stratum basale ```

What glands are a distinct feature of the duodenum?

Submucosal glands, also called Brunner's glands. They secret bicarbonate containing mucus

What expels a fully matured ovum?

Graafian/ovarian follicles

Tell me about hyaluronic acid.

It's a chief component of the extracellular matrix. It's degraded by hyaluronidase (which increases tissue permeability).

What is the difference between skeletal and smooth muscle proteins?

Skeletal muscle has troponin, smooth muscle has calmodulin

Tell me about hyaline cartilage.

It's the most common kind-in joints, ribs, and throat. Has only type II collagen.

Tell me about fibrocartilage .

It's in TMJ, pelvis, and intervertebral discs. Type I and II collagen.

Tell me about elastic cartilage.

It's in outer ear, larynx, and epiglottis. Has only Type II collagen.

What parts of esophagus have skeletal muscle?

Upper and middle thirds.

What layers around muscles contain blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatics.

Perimysium and endomysium.

What are the components of thin/actin filaments?

``` G-actin Tropomyosin Troponin Alpha-actinin-Z-line anchor Nebulin - thin filament stabilizer (GT-TAN) ```

What are the components of myosin/thick filaments?

250-400 myosin molecules (2 heavy chains, 4 light chains) | Titin (connectin) - anchors myosin to Z-line for stability

Where does the needle go in a mandibular nerve block?

At or superior to level of lingula Lateral to the muscle fibers of the medial pterygoid Not beyond the auriculotemporal nerve

Tell me about Type III collagen.

Organizes in fibrils and fibers

Tell me about Type II collagen

fibrils only

Tell me about Type I collagen

fibrils, fibers, bundles

What kind of tissue is enamel?

The only mineralized epithelial tissue (bone, dentin, and cementum are all mineralized CT and contain collagen )

What are tonsils?

Collections of lymphoid tissue located in the oropharynx and nasopharynx. They serve as first line of defense there. They are surrounded by CT and don't have sinuses.

What kind of exudates are there?

Purulent/Suppurative - pus Fibrinous - contains fibrinogen and fibrin Catarrhal - high mucus content Malignant - pleural effusion is present

How is collagen synthesized?

Pro collagen -> Tropocollagen ->differentiation

What is a germinal center?

An area in a lymph node where B lymphocytes continuously develop. They are active during infections..