2 Flashcards
What is the defining characteristic of Trichophyton rubrum in a lactophenol cotton blue mount?
microconidia arranged along the hyphal strands in a “birds on a fence” configuration
What is the defining characteristic of Trichophyton verrucosum in a lactophenol cotton blue mount?
antler hyphae and “string bean” macroconidia
What are engineering controls?
devices that protect the worker from the hazard of exposure that are not considered PPE (sharps containers, biosafety cabinets, splash guards, etc.)
Which Lewis blood group system phenotype usually produces anti-Lea?
Le(a-b-)
What is the formula for a manual WBC count?
[cells counted (or avg. of both sides) x dilution factor] / (# squares counted x 0.01 x area of each square)
What kind of gene initiates DNA synthesis, promotes cell division, and inhibits cell death?
proto-oncogenes
Cystine-tellurite blood agar is recommended for the isolation of what organism?
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
What casts might be present in the urine of a healthy individual following strenuous exercise?
granular and/or hyaline
Plasma exchange is the current treatment for what condition?
thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
What organism causes “lumpy jaw”?
Actinomyces israelii
A slanted ESR tube may have what effect on the ESR test?
may falsely increase the results
Which dematiaceous fungus produces conidia in clusters?
Exophiala sp.
What is the primary mechanism responsible for glomerular filtration?
hydrostatic differential in glomerular tufts
Antigen processing is primarily accomplished by what cell type?
macrophages
Production of H2S, citrate +, and the decarboxylation of arginine, lysine, and ornithine, are results that presumptively ID which organism?
Salmonella sp.
In an antibody titer, if the reaction in tubes 5-7 are stronger than those in tubes 1-4, what has happened?
prozone reaction
Which analyte measurement is used to detect early nephropathy in diabetics?
microalbumin
What kind of pathogen is Blastomyces dermatitidis?
obligate
Estrogen and progesterone markers are most commonly used to provide prognostic information about which cancer?
breast cancer
What marrow cell has highly granular basophilic cytoplasm but does not show nuclear lobation?
mast cell
What three processes are inhibited by insulin?
gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, and glycogenolysis
Define gluconeogenesis.
formation of glucose from non-carbohydrates
Define lipolysis.
the release of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) from triglycerides
Define glycogenolysis.
conversion of glycogen back to glucose
A Gram stain on a sputum sample shows Gram= diplococci; biochemical testing shows the organism to be oxidase + and carbohydrate degradation inactive. What is the presumptive ID?
Moraxella catarrhalis
Which hormones increase plasma glucose concentration by converting glycogen to glucose?
glucagon and epinephrine
What anaerobic organism produces large amounts of succinic acid?
Actinomyces israelii
Which 24-hour urine assay is the best single screening test for pheochromocytoma?
metanephrines
What structural defect would NOT cause hemoglobinopathies?
deletion of a globin chain
What is the age range most common for scrofula infections?
5-10 years old
How long do healthy neutrophils live in the peripheral blood of an adult?
7-8 hours
Which organism produces “pipe cleaner” or “test tube brush” motility?
Erisypelothrix rhusiopathiae
The gene loci for the alpha globin chains are adjacent to the locus for what other globin chain?
zeta
Define congestive heart failure.
left ventricular dysfunction due to aging, hypertension, atherosclerosis, or muscle damage from an AMI or multiple AMIs
Define ischemia.
inadequate blood supply that decreases the availability of oxygen
Define infarction.
area of tissue death resulting from lack of oxygen
Define angina.
chest pain due to inadequate oxygen supply to the heart myocardium
