2-5 years- Fundamental Movement Skills

Question 1

Describe brain development in 2-5 year olds

Answer 1

• Midbrain fully developed at birth
• Cerebral cortex complete by age 4
• Myelination continues to execute increasingly complex movement patterns

Question 2

Describe stability in fundamental movement phase

Answer 2

• Static balance: single foot balance
• Dynamic balance: walks along straight line/wide beam
• Axial movement

Question 3

What are the 3 stages of progression and transition

Answer 3

• Initial
• Elementary
• Mature

Question 4

Describe initial stage of fundamental movement phase

Answer 4

• Purposeful attempt at task
• Crude and uncoordinated
• Movement exaggerated or inhibited

Question 5

Describe elementary stage of fundamental movement phase

Answer 5

• Gains greater control over movements

- Awkward and lacks fluidity

Question 6

What is static balance?

Answer 6

Maintaining equilibrium while COG is stationary

Question 7

What is dynamic balance?

Answer 7

Maintaining equilibrium while COG shifts

Question 8

What are axial movements?

Answer 8

Static postures involving bending, twisting, stretching

Question 9

Describe hopping in the initial stage

Answer 9

• Start by learning to balance on 1 leg
• Non supporting leg flexed, thigh parallel to ground
• Body upright
• Arms flexed at elbows, held slightly to side
• Balance lost easily

Question 10

Describe hopping in the elementary stage

Answer 10

• Non supporting leg flexed, thigh 45 degrees
• Slight fwd lean, trunk flexed
• Force absorbed by flexing hip
• Non supporting thigh flex and extend at hip to produce force
• Arms vigourously move up and down

Question 11

Describe manipulation from gross to fine motor

Answer 11

• Skilful and refined use of the hands

- Catching, throwing, handwriting, play, ADLs

Question 12

Describe catching in the initial stage

Answer 12

• Turns head away
• No ball tracking
• Arm hand adjustments, palms face up
• No finger give
• Little trunk movement

Question 13

Describe catching in the elementary stage

Answer 13

• Trap ball against body, scooping larger ball
• Palms of hands face each other
• Awkward adjustment of body
• Arms and trunk begin to move relation to ball flight path
• Head remains upright

Question 14

Describe locomotion in fundamental movement phase

Answer 14

• Walking: forwards, backwards, sideways by end of 2nd year
• Running: true run
• Jumping: jump off floor with both feet
• Hopping: 3 times with preferred foot

Question 15

Describe manipulation in fundamental movement phase

Answer 15

• Throwing
• Catching
• Kicking
• Striking

Question 16

Describe bone growth for 2-5 year olds

Answer 16

• Bones ossify rapidly -Bone replaces cartilage
• Epiphyseal cartilage grows
• Bone increase in length