2-3 (10/12) Intelligence Flashcards
The capacity to learn from experience, solve problems, and adapt successfully to one’s environment in a new situation.
Intelligence
We think of intelligence as a concrete thing
Refy Intelligence
To pinhole people based on intelligence
Reification
Ex. of ________. High intelligence means better education opportunities, set on a life course of prosperity, Low intelligence means less opportunities, generally less prosperity
Reification
Reason why intelligence is difficult to define
It is defined as a social construct. The definition varies form culture to culture
A theory of intelligence: If you are good at one thing, you are good at most things. One level of intelligence.
General Intelligence
Charles Spearman
General Intelligence underlays all mental abilities
(GI) A common skill set underlies all intelligence and behavior
g factor
(GI) Evidence of the g factor: Statistical technique, underhand various variables’ intercorrelations. Individuals are skilled in some areas more than others, intellectual behaviors are correlated
Factor Analysis
(GI) Evidence of the g factor: Infants aged 3mo-6mo are highly responses to changes in their environment and some infants are more responsive than others - those are the smart ones.
Infant Measures
Example of _________: If you cover an infant with a blanket, you disappear
Infant Measures
(GI) Evidence of the g factor: People who have a higher IQ tend to be quicker than average on tests. They are more equipped with nervous systems that relay on information more rapidly. Enables people to learn more quickly
Neural Speed
(GI) Evidence of the g factor: People use brain power in more or less efficient ways, and people with a higher IQ use their energy more efficiently
Neural Efficiency
A theory of intelligence: A diverse array of capacities of emotional abilities or mathematical, athletic, musical. You are good at specific things, yet lack in other ways.
Mulit-faceted intelligence (mulitple intelligences)
(MI) Theory of intelligence: administered 56 tests to college students, found that human intelligence has 7 primary mental abilities
Thurstone
Theory of intelligence (MI): Concept that one is too narrow, doesn’t encompass many different kinds of genius or intelligence. 8 types.
Howard Gardner
Gardner. Type of intelligence. Speaking, listening, reading, writing
Linguistic Intelligence
Gardner. Type of intelligence. Solving problems and and equations
Logical-Mathmatical Intelligence
Gardner. Type of intelligence. musical composition or performance
Musical Intelligence
Gardner. Type of intelligence. Ability to visualize objects orientated in space and navigate between locations
Spacial Intelligence
Gardner. Type of intelligence. Control gross and fine muscle movements
Bodily-Kinisthetic Intelligence
Gardner. Type of intelligence. Ability to understand how others feel, how they are motivated, gives rise to behaviors, likes and dislikes
Interpersonal Intelligence
Gardner. Type of intelligence. Insight to one’s own thoughts and feelings, motivation and make decisions effectively
Intrapersonal Intelligence
Gardner. Type of intelligence. Ability to understand the law of the natural world
Naturalist Intelligence
Theory of intelligence (MI): Three types. Analytical, creative, and practical
Robert Sternberg
Robert Sternberg, type of intelligence. The ability to follow mental steps that are necessary to solve problems.
Analytical Intelligence
Robert Sternberg, type of intelligence. The ability to find connections and find facts in ways that seem unrelated
Creative Intelligence
Robert Sternberg, type of intelligen1/5 of Creativece. The ability to do what is necessary to adapt to life’s changes
Practical Intelligence
Which intelligence is true? GI or MI?
Multiple intelligenes
Create novel and valuable ideas. Five main parts.
Creative
1/5 of Creative. View issues in novel ways, recognize patterns in observations, and make connections.
Imaginative think
1/5 of Creative. Seek out new experiences, welcome them, and have the ability to tolerate risk and ambiguity.
Venturesome Personality
1/5 of Creative. Do things out of interest, because they are fun and enjoyable and exciting. Sense of choice.
Intrinsic Motivation
1/5 of Creative. Not of own choosing. Pressure, control from someone else.
Extrinsic Motivation
The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions. We can immediatly and effectively perceive and understand.
Emotional Intelligence
Predict feelings and how they change, can manage emotions and express their feelings in a vert of social situations. Ability to use feelings and emotions to generate adaptive thought. More successful in jobs, relationships, and parenting.
Emotional Intelligence.
Gives rise to our intelligence. People by virtue of genetics have a higher level of intelligence. Genes control
Nature
Nature person. Greatness runs in the family. Only bright adults should be allowed and encouraged to reproduce. (Cousin of Darwin)
Frances Galton
Nature person. Tested European immigrants with an IQ test in English. It judges that most of the immigrants were genetically inferior.
Goddard
Nature person. IQ difference between blacks and whites. Gives rise to stereotypes. $1,000 for each IQ point below 100 that you are not to reproduce.
Jensen
Evidence of ______. Brain scans revealed that identical twins are similar. Pinpointed genes for intelligence.
Nature
The quality of our environment. Supportive environment shows more intelligence.
Nurture
Evidence of _______. Adoption enhances intelligence of mistreated/neglected babies and kids.
Nurture
Evidence of _______. Fraternal twins score more alike on intelligence tests than their other siblings, due to shared environment. How they were raise exactly and their womb situation impact.
Nurture
Group Difference in I: Gender: ______ are more verbal. They outscore in tests in spelling, comprehension, writing, and foreign language.
Girls
Group difference in I: Gender: _____ are more mathematical in elementary school, but _____ take over in MS and HS because of messages from society.
Girls, boys
Group difference in I: Gender: ____ outperform in spacial relations, tracking objects in space, and mental rotation.
Men
Group difference in I: Race. _____ are 15 IQ points below and 100 points less on SAT Verbal and Math. Tests are bias, however.
African American
Our expectations of intelligence tend to the fulfillment of those biases.
Self-fufilling prophecy
Rosenthal and Jacobson. Went into Elem. Schools and told teachers some students were on the verge of a intellectual growth spurt. 8mo later, those kids scored higher, because the teachers believed in the more. Ex of ____.
Self fulfilling prophecy
Test Taker’s Expectations. AA and C were split into even groups, one group told that the test was based on verbal ability, the other was not. C who were told it was based on verbal ability outperformed others.
Steele and Aaron
Test Taker’s expectations. Some women were told test questions favor nobody, others were told they favor men. The latter underperformed.
Spence
Test Taker’s expectations. AA and C were asked to putt as part of an aptitude test. Half were told putting required athletic ability, half were told that putting required intelligence. AA putted better when told it is based on athleticism, C putted better when focused on intelligence.
Stone, et al.
